XIII. An independent Polish state should be erected which should include the territories inhabited by indisputably Polish populations, which should be assured a free and secure access to the sea, and whose political and economic independence and territorial integrity should be guaranteed by international covenant.

XIV. A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.

In regard to these essential rectifications of wrong and assertions of right, we feel ourselves to be intimate partners of all the Governments and peoples associated together against the imperialists. We cannot be separated in interest or divided in purpose. We stand together until the end.

For such arrangements and covenants we are willing to fight, and to continue to fight, until they are achieved; but only because we wish the right to prevail and desire a just and stable peace, such as can be secured only by removing the chief provocations to war, which this program does remove. We have no jealousy of German greatness, and there is nothing in this program that impairs it. We grudge her no achievement or distinction of learning or of pacific enterprise, such as have made her record very bright and very enviable. We do not wish to injure her or to block in any way her legitimate influence or power. We do not wish to fight her either with arms or with hostile arrangements of trade, if she is willing to associate herself with us and the other peace-loving nations of the world in covenants of justice and law and fair dealing. We wish her only to accept a place of equality among the peoples of the world–the new world in which we now live–instead of a place of mastery.

GERMANY'S SPOKESMEN AN ISSUE

Neither do we presume to suggest to her any alteration or modification of her institutions. But it is necessary, we must frankly say, and necessary as a preliminary to any intelligent dealings with her on our part, that we should know whom her spokesmen speak for when they speak to us, whether for the Reichstag majority or for the military party and the men whose creed is imperial domination.

We have spoken now surely in terms too concrete to admit of any further doubt or question. An evident principle runs through the whole program I have outlined. It is the principle of justice to all peoples and nationalities and their right to live on equal terms of liberty and safety with one another, whether they be strong or weak. Unless this principle be made its foundation, no part of the structure of international justice can stand. The people of the United States could act upon no other principle, and to the vindication of this principle they are ready to devote their lives, their honor and everything that they possess. The moral climax of this, the culminating and final war for human liberty, has come, and they are ready to put their own strength, their own highest purpose, their own integrity and devotion to the test.

APPENDIX

STATE DEPARTMENT'S REVISED LIST OF
NATIONS AT WAR WHICH HAVE
BROKEN RELATIONS
DECLARATIONS OF WAR

The country declaring war is named first.

Austria–Belgium, Aug. 28, 1914.

Austria–Japan, Aug. 27, 1914.

Austria–Montenegro, Aug. 9, 1914.

Austria–Russia, Aug. 6, 1914.

Austria–Serbia, July 28, 1914.

Brazil–Germany, Oct. 26, 1917.

Bulgaria–Serbia, Oct. 14, 1915.

China–Austria, Aug. 14, 1917.

China–Germany, Aug. 14, 1917.

Cuba–Germany, April 7, 1917.

France–Austria, Aug. 13, 1914.

France–Bulgaria, Oct. 16, 1915.

France–Germany, Aug. 3, 1914.

France–Turkey, Nov. 5, 1914.

Germany–Belgium, Aug. 4, 1914.

Germany–France, Aug. 3, 1914.

Germany–Portugal, March 9, 1916.

Germany–Rumania, Sept. 14, 1916.

Germany–Russia, Aug. 1, 1914.

Great Britain–Austria, Aug. 13, 1914.

Great Britain–Bulgaria, Oct. 15, 1915.

Great Britain–Germany, Aug. 4, 1914.

Great Britain–Turkey, Nov. 5, 1914.

Greece–Bulgaria, Nov. 28, 1916. (Provisional Government.)

Greece–Bulgaria, July 2, 1917. (Government of Alexander.)

Greece–Germany, Nov. 28, 1916. (Provisional Government.)

Greece–Germany, July 2, 1917. (Government of Alexander.)

Italy–Austria, May 24, 1915.

Italy–Bulgaria, Oct. 19, 1915.

Italy–Germany, Aug. 28, 1916.

Italy–Turkey, Aug. 21, 1915.

Japan–Germany, Aug. 28, 1914.

Liberia–Germany, Aug. 4, 1917.

Montenegro–Austria, Aug. 8, 1914.

Montenegro–Germany, Aug. 9, 1914.

Panama–Germany, April 7, 1917.

Panama–Austria, Dec. 10, 1917.

Portugal–Germany, Nov. 23, 1914. (Resolutions passed authorizing

military intervention as ally of England.)

Portugal–Germany, May 19, 1915. (Military aid granted.)

Rumania–Austria, Aug. 27, 1916. (Allies of Austria also consider

it a declaration.)

Russia–Bulgaria, Oct. 19, 1915.

Russia–Turkey, Nov. 3, 1914.

San Marino–Austria, May 24, 1915.

Serbia–Bulgaria, Oct. 16, 1915.

Serbia–Germany, Aug. 6, 1914.

Serbia–Turkey, Dec. 2, 1914.

Siam–Austria, July 22, 1917.

Siam–Germany, July 22, 1917.

Turkey–Allies, Nov. 23, 1914.

Turkey–Rumania, Aug. 29, 1916.

United States–Austria-Hungary, Dec. 7, 1917.

United States–Germany, April 6, 1917.

SEVERANCE OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS

Austria–Japan, Aug. 26, 1914.

Austria–Portugal, March 16, 1916.

Austria–Serbia, July 26, 1914.

Austria–United States, April 8, 1917.

Bolivia–Germany, April 14, 1917.

Brazil–Germany, April 11,1917.

China–Germany, March 14, 1917.

Costa Rica–Germany, Sept. 21, 1917.

Ecuador–Germany, Dec. 7, 1917.

Egypt–Germany, Aug. 13, 1914.

France–Austria, Aug. 10, 1914.

Greece–Turkey, July 2, 1917. (Government of Alexander.)

Greece–Austria, July 2, 1917. (Government of Alexander.)

Guatemala–Germany, April 27, 1917.

Haiti–Germany, June 17, 1917.

Honduras–Germany, May 17, 1917.

Nicaragua–Germany, May 18, 1917.

Peru–Germany, Oct. 6, 1917.

Turkey–United States, April 20, 1917.

United States–Germany, Feb. 3, 1917.

Uruguay–Germany, Oct. 7, 1917.