In considering this question one naturally asks if the masterpieces of our great authors, which every one should read, are to be mixed up with the worthless novels constantly being published in the condemnation of Fiction; but, to some extent, both Mr. Cowell and Mr. Kay answer this. The first of these gentlemen writes: "As to the better class novels, which are so graphic in their description of places, costumes, pageantry, men, and events, I regret to say that they are not the most popular with those who stand in need of their instructive descriptions. I could generally find upon the library shelves 'Harold,' 'The Last of the Barons,' 'Westward Ho!' 'Hypatia,' 'Ivanhoe,' 'Waverley,' 'Lorna Doone,' etc., when not a copy of the least popular of the works of Mrs. Henry Wood, 'Ouida,' Miss Braddon, or Rhoda Broughton were to be had." Mr. Kay corroborates this opinion in his paper.
Most of us recognize the value of honest fiction for children and the overwrought brains of busy men, but the reading of novels of any kind can only be justified as a relaxation, and it is a sad fact that there is a large class of persons who will read nothing but novels and who call all other books dry reading. Upon the minds of this class fiction has a most enervating effect, and it is not to be expected that ratepayers will desire to increase this class by the indiscriminate supply of novels to the Free Libraries. Some persons are so sanguine as to believe that readers will be gradually led from the lower species of reading to the higher; but there is little confirmation of this hope to be found in the case of the confirmed novel readers we see around us.
The librarian who, with ample funds for the purpose, has the duty before him of forming a Public Library, sets forward on a pleasant task. He has the catalogues of all kinds of libraries to guide him, and he will be able to purchase the groundwork of his library at a very cheap rate, for probably at no time could sets of standard books be bought at so low a price as now. Many books that are not wanted by private persons are indispensable for a Public Library, and there being little demand for them they can be obtained cheap. When the groundwork has been carefully laid, then come some of the difficulties of collecting. Books specially required will not easily be obtained, and when they are found, the price will probably be a high one. Books of reference will be expensive, and as these soon get out of date, they will frequently need renewal.
CHAPTER IV.
Private Libraries
Treating of private libraries, it will be necessary to consider their constitution under two heads, according as they are required in town or country. In London, for instance, where libraries of all kinds are easily accessible, a man need only possess books on his own particular hobby, and a good collection of books of reference; but in the country, away from public libraries, a well-selected collection of standard books will be necessary.
1. Town.
Every one who loves books will be sure to have some favourite authors on special subjects of study respecting which he needs no instruction farther than that which is ready to his hand. Books on these subjects he will need, both in town and country, if he possesses two houses. Some collectors make their town house a sort of gathering-place for the accessions to their country libraries. Here a class is completed, bound, and put in order, and then sent to the country to find its proper place in the family library.
This is an age of books of reference, and as knowledge increases, and the books which impart it to readers become unwieldy from their multitude, there are sure to be forthcoming those who will reduce the facts into a handy form. I have gathered in the following pages the titles of some of the best books of reference which are to be obtained. Many, if not all of these, are to be found in that magnificent library of reference—the Reading Room of the British Museum. In some cases where the books are constantly being reprinted, dates have been omitted. There are, doubtless, many valuable works which I have overlooked, and some Text-books I have had to leave out owing to the exigencies of space, but I trust that the present list will be found useful.
Abbreviations.—Dictionnaire des Abréviations Latines et Françaises usitées dans les inscriptions lapidaires et métalliques, les manuscrits et les chartes du Moyen Age. Par L. Alph. Chassant. Quatrième édition. Paris, 1876. Sm. 8vo.
Anthropology.—Notes and Queries on Anthropology, for the use of Travellers and Residents in Uncivilized Lands. Drawn up by a Committee appointed by the British Association. London, 1874. Sm. 8vo.
Antiquities.—Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. Edited by Dr. William Smith. Roy. 8vo.
–– Dictionnaire des Antiquités Grecques et Romaines d'après les textes et les Monuments … Ouvrage rédigé … sous la direction de Ch. Daremberg et Edm. Saglio. Paris, 1873. 4to.
–– The Life of the Greeks and Romans described from Antique Monuments, by E. Guhl and W. Koner, translated from the third German edition by F. Hueffer. London, 1875. 8vo.
–– Gallus or Roman Scenes of the Time of Augustus. By W.A. Becker, translated by F. Metcalfe. London.
–– Charicles: Illustrations of the Private Life of the Ancient Greeks. By W.A. Becker, translated by F. Metcalfe. London.
Antiquities.—Archæological Index to remains of antiquity of the Celtic, Romano-British and Anglo-Saxon Periods. By John Yonge Akerman. London, 1847. 8vo.
–– Introduction to English Antiquities. By James Eccleston. London, 1847. 8vo.
–– The English Archæologist's Handbook. By Henry Godwin. Oxford, 1867. 8vo.
Architecture.—A Dictionary of the Architecture and Archæology of the Middle Ages.... By John Britton. London, 1838.
–– History of Architecture in all countries, from the earliest times to the present day. By James Fergusson. London, 1865-76. 4 vols. 8vo.
–– Nicholson's Dictionary of the Science and Practice of Architecture, Building, Carpentry, etc. New edition, edited by Edward Lomax and Thomas Gunyon. London. 2 vols. 4to.
–– An Encyclopædia of Architecture, historical, theoretical, and practical. By Joseph Gwilt, revised by Wyatt Papworth. New edition. London, 1876. 8vo.
–– The Dictionary of Architecture, issued by the Architectural Publication Society. A to Oz. 4 vols. Roy. 4to. (In progress.)
–– A Glossary of Terms used in Grecian, Roman, Italian, and Gothic Architecture. Fifth edition, enlarged. Oxford, 1850. 3 vols. 8vo.
–– An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture.... By J.C. Loudon. London, 1833. 8vo.
Arts, Manufactures, etc.—Ure's Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines, containing a clear exposition of their Principles and Practice. By Robert Hunt, assisted by F.W. Rudler. Seventh edition. London, 1875. 3 vols. 8vo.
–– Spons' Encyclopædia of the Industrial Arts, Manufactures, and Commercial Products. London, 1879. 8 vols. Roy. 8vo.
–– History of Physical Astronomy. By Robert Grant. London [1852]. A most valuable book, but now out of print and scarce.
–– An Historical Survey of the Astronomy of the Ancients. By G. Cornewall Lewis. London, 1862. 8vo.
Bible.—Dictionary of the Bible, comprising its Antiquities, Biography, Mythology, and Geography. By Dr. William Smith. Roy. 8vo.
–– A Biblical Cyclopædia or Dictionary of Eastern Antiquities, Geography, Natural History, Sacred Annals and Biography, Theology and Biblical Literature, illustrative of the Old and New Testaments. Edited by John Eadie, D.D., LL.D. Twelfth edition. London, 1870. 8vo.
–– The Bible Atlas of Maps and Plans to illustrate the Geography and Topography of the Old and New Testaments and the Apocrypha, with Explanatory Notes by Samuel Clark, M.A. Also a complete Index of the Geographical Names … by George Grove. London, 1868. 4to.
Bible. See Concordances.
Bibliography.—See Chapters V. and VI.
Biography.—Mr. Chancellor Christie contributed a very interesting article to the Quarterly Review (April, 1884) on Biographical Dictionaries, in which he details the history of the struggle between the publishers of the Biographie Universelle and Messrs. Didot, whose Dictionary was eventually entitled Nouvelle Biographie Générale. The new edition of the Biographie Universelle (45 vols. Imp. 8vo. Paris, 1854) is an invaluable work. Chalmers's Biographical Dictionary (32 vols. 8vo. 1812-17) is a mine of literary wealth, from which compilers have freely dug. Rose's (12 vols. 8vo. 1848) was commenced upon a very comprehensive plan, but the lives were considerably contracted before the work was completed. It is, however, a very useful work. L.B. Phillips's "Dictionary of Biographical Reference" contains 100,000 names, and gives the dates of birth and death, which in many instances is all the information the consulter requires, and should more be required, he is referred to the authority. This book is quite indispensable for every library. There are several national Biographical Dictionaries, and at last a thoroughly satisfactory Biographia Britannica is in course of publication by Messrs. Smith & Elder. The "Dictionary of National Biography, edited by Leslie Stephen," has reached the fifth volume, and extends to Bottisham.
–– Robert Chambers's Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen (Glasgow, 1835-56. 5 vols. 8vo.) will be found useful.
Biography.—Dr. William Allen's "American Biographical Dictionary" was published at Boston in 1857.
–– Biographie Nouvelle des Contemporains … Par A.V. Arnault [etc.]. Paris, 1820-25. 20 vols. 8vo. Mr. Edward Smith points this book out to me as specially valuable for information respecting actors in the French Revolution.
–– Handbook of Contemporary Biography. By Frederick Martin. London, 1870. Sm. 8vo.
–– Men of the Time: a Dictionary of Contemporaries. Eleventh edition. Revised by Thompson Cooper. London, 1884. Sm. 8vo. A volume of 1168 pages should contain a fair representation of the men of the day, and yet it is ludicrously incomplete. The literary side is as much overdone as the scientific side is neglected. This is not the place to make a list of shortcomings, but it will probably astonish most of our readers to learn that such eminent Men of the Time as Sir Frederick Abel, Sir Frederick Bramwell, and the late Dr. W.B. Carpenter are not mentioned. As this book has as a high reputation, the editor should thoroughly revise it for a new edition.
–– Men of the Reign. A Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Characters of both Sexes, who have died during the reign of Queen Victoria. Edited by T. Humphry Ward. (Uniform with "Men of the Time.") London, 1885.
Biography.—Dictionnaire Universel des Contemporains.... Par G. Vapereau. Cinquième edition. Paris, 1880. 8vo.
–– Supplément. Oct. 1881.
–– Biographie Nationale des Contemporains, redigée par une Société de Gens de Lettres sous la direction de M. Ernest Glaeser. Paris, 1878. Royal 8vo.
–– Dictionnaire Général de Biographie Contemporaine Française et Etrangère. Par Ad. Bitard. Paris, 1878. 8vo.
–– To this list of Contemporary Biography may be added the Indexes of Obituary Notices published by the Index Society.
(Bishops.)—Fasti Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ, or a Calendar of the principal Ecclesiastical Dignitaries in England and Wales, and of the chief officers in the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, from the earliest time to the year 1715. Compiled by John Le Neve. Corrected and continued from 1715 to the present time by T. Duffus Hardy. Oxford, 1854. 3 vols. 8vo.
–– Fasti Ecclesiæ Hibernicæ. The Succession of the Prelates and Members of Cathedral Bodies in Ireland. By Henry Cotton, D.C.L. Dublin, 1847-60. 5 vols. 8vo.
(Lawyers.)—Lives of the Chief Justices of England. By John Lord Campbell. Second edition. London, 1858. 3 vols. 8vo.
–– Lives of the Lord Chancellors and Keepers of the Great Seal of England. By John Lord Campbell. Fourth edition. London, 1856. 10 vols. Sm. 8vo.
(Scientific Men.)—Poggendorff (J.C.). Biographisch-Literarisches Handwörterbuch zur Geschichte der exacten Wissenschaften, enthaltend Nachweisungen über Lebensverhältnisse und Leistungen von Mathematikern, Astronomen, Physikern, Chemikern, Mineralogen, Geologen u.s.w. aller Völker und Zeiten. Leipzig, 1863. Roy. 8vo.
(Cambridge.)—Athenæ Cantabrigienses. By Charles Henry Cooper, F.S.A., and Thompson Cooper. Cambridge, 1858-61. Vol. I. 1500-1585. Vol. II. 1586-1609. 8vo.
–– Graduati Cantabrigienses, 1760-1856. Cura Josephi Romilly, A.M. Cantabrigiæ, 1856.
–– Graduati Cantabrigienses, 1800-1884. Cura Henrici Richardo Luard, S.T.P. Cantabrigiæ, 1884.
(Oxford.)—Athenæ and Fasti Oxonienses. By Ant. à Wood. New edition, with Notes, Additions, and Continuation by the Rev. Dr. P. Bliss. 4 vols. 4to. 1813-20.
–– Catalogue of all Graduates in the University of Oxford, 1659-1850. Oxford, 1851. 8vo.
(Dublin.)—A Catalogue of Graduates who have proceeded to degrees in the University of Dublin from the earliest recorded Commencements to July, 1866, with Supplement to December 16, 1868. Dublin, 1869. 8vo. Vol. II. 1868-1883. Dublin, 1884. 8vo.
(Eton.)—Alumni Etonenses, or a Catalogue of the Provosts and Fellows of Eton College and King's College, Cambridge, from the Foundation in 1443 to the Year 1797. By Thomas Harwood. Birmingham, 1797. 4to.
(Westminster.)—The List of the Queen's Scholars of St. Peter's College, Westminster, admitted on that Foundation since 1663, and of such as have been thence elected to Christ Church, Oxford, and Trinity College, Cambridge, from the Foundation by Queen Elizabeth, 1561, to the present time. Collected by Joseph Welch. A new edition … by an old King's Scholar. London, 1852. Roy. 8vo.
Botany.—An Encyclopædia of Trees and Shrubs; being the Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum abridged.... By J.C. Loudon. London, 1842. 8vo.
–– Loudon's Encyclopædia of Plants … New edition corrected to the present time. Edited by Mrs. Loudon. London, 1855. 8vo.
–– The Vegetable Kingdom; or the structure, classification and uses of plants, illustrated upon the natural system. By John Lindley, Ph.D., F.R.S. Third edition. London, 1853. 8vo.
–– International Dictionary of Plants in Latin, German, English and French, for Botanists, and especially Horticulturists, Agriculturists, Students of Forestry and Pharmaceutists, by Dr. William Ulrich. Leipzig, 1872. 8vo.
Botany.—Topographical Botany: being Local and Personal Records towards shewing the distribution of British Plants traced through 112 counties and vice-counties of England, Wales and Scotland. By Hewett Cottrell Watson. Second edition, corrected and enlarged. London, 1883. 8vo.
The need of an authoritative list of Botanical names must be frequently felt by a large number of writers, those who have but little knowledge of the science even more than Botanists themselves. The following work will be found useful for this purpose, but there is reason to hope that a much larger and more exhaustive list will shortly be published, as Mr. Daydon Jackson, Secretary of the Linnean Society, is, we believe, now engaged upon such a work. "Nomenclator Botanicus seu Synonymia Plantarum Universalis.... Autore Ernesto Theoph. Steudel; editio secunda, Stuttgartiæ et Tubingæ, 1841." Royal 8vo.
Cards.—Facts and Speculations on the Origin and History of Playing Cards. By William Andrew Chatto. London, 1848. 8vo.
–– A Descriptive Catalogue of Playing and other Cards in the British Museum, accompanied by a Concise General History of the Subject, and Remarks on Cards of Divination and of a Politico-Historical Character. By William Hughes Willshire, M.D. Printed by order of the Trustees, 1876. Royal 8vo.
Chemistry.—A Dictionary of Chemistry and the allied Branches of other Sciences, founded on that of the late Dr. Ure. By Henry Watts. 1863-68. 5 vols. 8vo. Supplement, 1872. Second Supplement, 1879. Third Supplement, 1879-81. 2 vols.
–– Handbook of Modern Chemistry, Inorganic and Organic, for the use of Students. By Charles Meymott Tidy, M.B., F.C.S. London, 1878. 8vo.
–– Handbook of Chemistry. By L. Gmelin. Trans. by H. Watts. London, 1848-67. 17 vols. 8vo.
–– Industrial Chemistry, based upon the German edition of Payen's "Précis de Chimie Industrielle," edited by B.H. Paul. London, 1878.
–– A Treatise on Chemistry. By [Sir] H.E. Roscoe and C. Schorlemmer. London. 8vo.
Coins.—A Numismatic Manual. By John Yonge Akerman, F.S.A. London, 1840. 8vo.
–– The Silver Coins of England arranged and described by E. Hawkins. London, 1841. 8vo.
–– The Gold Coins of England arranged and described, being a sequel to Mr. Hawkins's Silver Coins of England, by his grandson, Robert Lloyd Kenyon. London, 1880. 8vo.
Commerce.—A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical, and Historical, of Commerce and Commercial Navigation. By the late J.R. McCulloch. Latest edition by A.J. Wilson. London, 1882. 8vo.
–– History of British Commerce, 1763-1870. By Leone Levi. London, 1872. 8vo.
Concordances.
Aristophanes.—A Complete Concordance to the Comedies and Fragments of Aristophanes. By Henry Dunbar, M.D. Oxford, 1883. 4to.
Bible.—A complete Concordance to the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments. By Alexander Cruden, M.A. London, 1737. 4to. Second edition 1761, third edition 1769; this is the last corrected by the author. Most of the Concordances published since are founded upon Cruden.
–– An Analytical Concordance to the Holy Scriptures, or the Bible presented under distinct and classified heads of topics. Edited by John Eadie, D.D., LL.D. London and Glasgow, 1856. 8vo.
Homer.—A Complete Concordance to the Iliad of Homer. By Guy Lushington Prendergast. London, 1875. 4to.
–– A Complete Concordance to the Odyssey and Hymns of Homer, to which is added a Concordance to the parallel passages in the Iliad, Odyssey and Hymns. By Henry Dunbar, M.D. Oxford, 1880. 4to.
Milton.—A Complete Concordance to the Poetical Works of Milton. By Guy Lushington Prendergast, Madras Civil Service. Madras, 1857. 4to. Originally published in 12 parts.
–– A Complete Concordance to the Poetical Works of John Milton. By Charles Dexter Cleveland, LL.D. London, 1867. Sm. 8vo.
The Rev. H.J. Todd compiled a verbal Index to the whole of Milton's Poetry, which was appended to the second edition of his life of the Poet (1809).
Pope.—A Concordance to the Works of Alexander Pope. By Edwin Abbott, with an Introduction by Edwin A. Abbott, D.D. London, 1875. Royal 8vo.
Shakespeare.—The Complete Concordance to Shakspere: being a verbal Index to all the passages in the dramatic works of the Poet. By Mrs. Cowden Clarke. London, 1845. Royal 8vo.
–– Shakespeare-Lexicon: a Complete Dictionary of all the English words, phrases and constructions in the works of the poet. By Dr. Alexander Schmidt. (Berlin and London), 1874. 2 vols. royal 8vo.
–– A Concordance to Shakespeare's Poems: an Index to every word therein contained. By Mrs. Horace Howard Furness. Philadelphia, 1874.
–– A Handbook Index to the Works of Shakespeare, including references to the phrases, manners, customs, proverbs, songs, particles, etc., which are used or alluded to by the great Dramatist. By J.O. Halliwell, Esq., F.R.S. London, 1866. 8vo. Only fifty copies printed.
Tennyson.—A Concordance of the entire works of Alfred Tennyson, P.L., D.C.L., F.R.S. By D. Barron Brightwell. London, 1869. 8vo.
Tennyson.—Concordance to the works of Alfred Tennyson, Poet Laureate. London, 1870. "The Holy Grail," etc., is indexed separately.
–– An Index to "In Memoriam." London, 1862.
Costume.—A Cyclopædia of Costume or Dictionary of Dress, including Notices of Contemporaneous Fashions on the Continent.... By James Robinson Planché, Somerset Herald. London, 1876-79. 2 vols. 4to. Vol. I. Dictionary. Vol. II. General History of Costume in Europe.
Councils.—Councils and Ecclesiastical Documents relating to Great Britain and Ireland. Edited after Spelman and Wilkins, by Arthur West Haddan, B.D., and William Stubbs, M.A. Oxford, 1869. Vol. II. Part I. 1873. Vol. III. 1871. 8vo.
–– England's Sacred Synods. A Constitutional History of the Convocations of the Clergy from the earliest Records of Christianity in Britain to the date of the promulgation of the present Book of Common Prayer, including a List of all Councils, Ecclesiastical as well as Civil, held in England in which the Clergy have been concerned. By James Wayland Joyce, M.A. London, 1855. 8vo.
Dates.—See History.
Dictionaries.
(English.)—One of the most useful English Dictionaries is the "Imperial Dictionary" by Ogilvie, which has been edited with great care by Charles Annandale.16 The vocabulary is very full, the etymology is trustworthy, and the definitions are clear and satisfactory. The engravings which are interspersed with the text are excellent, and greatly add to the utility of the Dictionary.
For years preparations have been made for a Standard English Dictionary, and at last the work has been commenced under the able editorship of Dr. James A.H. Murray. In 1857, on the suggestion of Archbishop Trench, the Philological Society undertook the preparation of a Dictionary, "which by the completeness of its vocabulary, and by the application of the historical method to the life and use of words, might be worthy of the English language and of English scholarship." The late Mr. Herbert Coleridge and Dr. Furnivall undertook the editorship, and a large number of volunteers came forward to read books and extract quotations. Mr. Coleridge died in the midst of his work, and upon Dr. Furnivall devolved the entire editorship in addition to his other onerous duties as Secretary of the Philological Society. He projected the admirable system of sub-editing, which proved so successful. As the work proceeded several of the most energetic and most competent workers undertook to sub-edit the materials already collected, each one taking a separate letter of the alphabet. Some two million quotations were amassed, but still the man was wanting who would devote his life to forming the Dictionary from these materials. In course of time Dr. Murray came forward, and in 1878 he prepared some specimens for submission to the Delegates of the Clarendon Press, who agreed to publish the Dictionary. The first part was published in 1884, and the second in 1885.17 It is hoped that in future it will be possible to issue a part every six months. At present the alphabet is carried down to Batten. This is one of the most magnificent pieces of work that has ever been produced in any country, and it is an honour to every one concerned. To the Philological Society who conceived it, to Dr. Murray and his staff who have devoted so much labour and intellect to its production, and to the Clarendon Press who have published it to the world. It is, moreover, an honour to the country which now possesses a well-grounded hope of having, at no distant day, the finest Historical Dictionary ever produced.
In this connection the Encyclopædic Dictionary, now in course of publication by Messrs. Cassell, should be mentioned as a valuable work.
Up to a few years ago it was impossible to obtain any satisfactory etymological information on English words from our Dictionaries. Mr. Hensleigh Wedgwood partly removed this reproach by the publication of his very valuable "Dictionary of English Etymology" in 1859,18 but in this work Mr. Wedgwood only dealt with a portion of the vocabulary.
Professor Skeat commenced the publication of his indispensable "Etymological Dictionary of the English Language" (Clarendon Press) in 1879, and in 1884 he produced a second edition. In 1882 Professor Skeat published "A Concise Etymological Dictionary," which is something more than an abridgment, and a book which should find a place in all libraries of reference.
A Glossarial Index to the Printed English Literature of the Thirteenth Century. By H. Coleridge. London, 1859. 8vo. This was one of the earliest publications which grew out of the preparations for the great Philological Society's Dictionary. Stratmann's Dictionary of the Old English Language (third edition, Krefeld, 1878) is an indispensable work. A new edition, prepared by Mr. H. Bradley, is about to be issued by the Clarendon Press.
Of single volume Dictionaries, Mr. Hyde Clarke's "New and Comprehensive Dictionary of the English Language as spoken and written" in Weale's Educational Series (price 3s. 6d.) is one of the most valuable. I have time after time found words there which I have searched for in vain in more important looking Dictionaries. Mr. Clarke claims that he was the first to raise the number of words registered in an English Dictionary to 100,000.
The Rev. James Stormonth's "Dictionary of the English Language, Pronouncing, Etymological, and Explanatory," is a work of great value. It is so well arranged and printed that it becomes a pleasure to consult it.
Those who are interested in Dialects will require all the special Dictionaries which have been published, and these may be found in the Bibliography now being compiled by the English Dialect Society, but those who do not make this a special study will be contented with "A Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words, Obsolete Phrases, Proverbs, and Ancient Customs, from the Fourteenth Century, by J.O. Halliwell" (fifth edition, London, 1865, 2 vols. 8vo.), which is well-nigh indispensable to all. Nares's Glossary (1822-46, new edition, by J.O. Halliwell and T. Wright, 2 vols. 8vo. 1859) is also required by those who make a study of Old English Literature.
The following is a short indication of some of the most useful working Dictionaries:
Arabic.—Lane.
Greek.—Liddell & Scott's Greek-English Lexicon, both in 4to. and in abridged form in square 12mo.
Latin.—The Clarendon Press publish a Latin Dictionary founded on Andrews's edition of Freund, and edited by C.T. Lewis and C. Short, which is of great value. Smith's Dictionary, both the large edition and the smaller one, and that of Riddle are good.
French.—The Dictionaries of Fleming and Tibbins, and Spiers, keep up their character, but for idioms the International French and English Dictionary of Hamilton and Legros is the best. For smaller Dictionaries Cassell's is both cheap and good. Bellows's Pocket Dictionary has obtained considerable fame, but those who use it need a good eyesight on account of the smallness of the type. It is, however, beautifully printed. The Standard French Dictionaries of that language alone are the noble work of Littré and the excellent Dictionary of Poitevin (2 vols. 4to.). For early French Godefroy's elaborate work, which is now in progress, must be consulted.
German.—Fluegel's German and English Dictionary still holds its own, but Koehler's Dictionary is also excellent. Hilpert's and Lucas's Dictionaries, both good ones, are now out of print. Of Standard German Dictionaries Grimm's great work is still in progress. Sanders's Dictionary is also of great value.
Danish and Norwegian.—The Dictionary by Ferrall, Repp, Rosing and Larsen is good.
Dutch.—Calisch (2 vols. 8vo. 1875).
Hebrew.—Fuerst, Gesenius.
Icelandic.—Vigfusson.
Italian.—Baretti's Dictionary still keeps up its character, but Millhouse's work is also good.
Portuguese.—Vieyra.
Russian.—Alexandrow.
Sanscrit.—Monier Williams. Boehtlingk and Roth.
Pâli.—Childers.
Spanish.—Neumann and Baretti, and also Velasquez.
Swedish.—Oman.
Drama.—Biographia Dramatica; or a Companion to the Playhouse … originally compiled in the year 1764 by David Erskine Baker, continued thence to 1782 by Isaac Reed, and brought down to the end of November, 1811 … by Stephen Jones. London, 1812. 3 vols. 8vo.
–– A Dictionary of Old English Plays existing either in print or in manuscript, from the earliest times to the close of the seventeenth century; by James O. Halliwell, Esq., F.R.S. London, 1860. 8vo.
Drugs.—Pharmacographia: a History of the Principal Drugs of Vegetable Origin met with in Great Britain and British India. By Friedrich A. Flückiger, Ph.D., and Daniel Hanbury, F.R.S. Second edition. London, 1879. 8vo.
Ecclesiology.—Dictionary of Doctrinal and Historical Theology. Edited by the Rev. J.H. Blunt, M.A. Second edition. London, 1872. Imp. 8vo.
–– Dictionary of Christian Antiquities. By William Smith, LL.D., and Professor S. Cheatham. London, 1876-80. 2 vols. royal 8vo.
–– Dictionary of Sects, Heresies, Ecclesiastical Parties, and Schools of Religious Thought. Edited by the Rev. John Henry Blunt, M.A. London, 1874. Imp. 8vo.
–– Glossary of Ecclesiastical Ornament and Costume, compiled from Ancient Authorities and Examples. By A. Welby Pugin, Architect.... Enlarged and revised by the Rev. Bernard Smith, M.A. Third edition. London, 1868. 4to.
–– A Glossary of Liturgical and Ecclesiastical Terms. Compiled and arranged by the Rev. Frederick George Lee, D.C.L. London, 1877. Sq. 8vo.
–– See Ritual.
Encyclopædias.—The Encyclopædia Britannica, or a Dictionary of Arts, Sciences and General Literature. Ninth edition. Edinburgh, 1875. 4to. Now in course of publication.
–– Encyclopædia Metropolitana, or Universal Dictionary of Knowledge.... London, 1815-41. 26 vols. 4to.
–– Chambers's Encyclopædia. 10 vols. royal 8vo.
–– Dictionary of Science, Literature, and Art. By W.T. Brande. 1842. New edition, edited by the Rev. J.W. Cox. London, 1866-67. 3 vols. 8vo.
Encyclopædias.—Rees's Cyclopædia (39 vols., plates 6 vols. 1820, 4to.) can be bought excessively cheap, and is well worth a place in a library where room can be found for it, as many of its articles have never been superseded.
–– Grand Dictionnaire Universel du XIXe Siècle Français, Historique, Géographique, Mythologique, Bibliographique, Littéraire, Artistique, Scientifique, etc.... Par Pierre Larousse. Paris, 1866-76. 15 vols. 4to. Supplément, tome 16, 1878.
–– Dictionnaire Universel des Sciences, des Lettres et des Arts … redigé avec la collaboration d'Auteurs spéciaux par M.N. Bouillet … douzième édition. Paris, 1877. 8vo.
Geography.—A General Dictionary of Geography, descriptive, physical, statistical, historical, forming a complete Gazetteer of the World. By A. Keith Johnston. New edition. London, 1877. 8vo.
–– The Library Cyclopædia of Geography, descriptive, physical, political and historical, forming a New Gazetteer of the World. By James Bryce, M.A. and Keith Johnston. London, 1880. Royal 8vo.
–– Index Geographicus, being a List alphabetically arranged of the principal places on the Globe, with the countries and sub-divisions of the countries in which they are situated and their latitudes and longitudes. Compiled specially with reference to Keith Johnston's Royal Atlas, but applicable to all modern atlases and maps, Edinburgh, 1864. Roy. 8vo.
Geography.—Etymologisch-Geographisches Lexikon. Separat-Ausgabe des lexikalischen Theils der Nomina Geographica von Dr. J.J. Egli. Leipzig, 1880. Royal 8vo.
–– Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, by various writers, edited by Dr. W. Smith. London, 1852. 2 vols. 8vo.
(Scotland.)—Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland. A Survey of Scottish Topography, statistical, biographical and historical. Edited by Francis H. Groome. Edinburgh, 1884. Vol. 1, roy. 8vo.
(France.)—Santini. Dictionnaire Général … des Communes de France et des Colonies. Paris. 8vo.
–– Dictionnaire des Postes de la République Française. 6e édition. Rennes, 1881. Roy. 8vo.
(Italy.)—Il Libro dé Comuni del Regno d'Italia. Compilato sopra elementi officiali da Achille Moltedo. Napoli, 1873. Roy. 8vo.
(United States.)—The National Gazetteer, a Geographical Dictionary of the United States.... By L. de Colange, LL.D. London, 1884. Roy. 8vo.
(India.)—Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, Commercial, Industrial, and Scientific.... Edited by Edward Balfour.... Second edition. Madras, 1871-73. 5 vols. Roy. 8vo. Third edition. London, 1885. 3 vols. The first edition was published in 1858, and two Supplements in 1862.
Geology.—A Catalogue of British Fossils: comprising the Genera and Species hitherto described, with references to their geological distribution.... By John Morris, F.G.S. Second edition. London, 1854. 8vo.
Geology.—Principles of Geology. By Sir Charles Lyell. 10th edition. London, 1867-8. 2 vols. 8vo.
–– Manual of Elementary Geology. By Sir Charles Lyell. London, 1865. 8vo.
History.—Blair's Chronological and Historical Tables from the Creation to the present times.... [Edited by Sir Henry Ellis.] Imp. 8vo. London, 1844.
–– Atlas Universel d'Histoire et de Géographie contenant 1e la Chronologie.... 2e la Généologie.... 3e la Géographie.... Par M.N. Bouillet. Deuxième édition. Paris, 1872. 8vo.
–– Dictionnaire Universel d'Histoire et de Géographie contenant 1e l'Histoire proprement dite.... 2e la Biographie Universelle.... 3e la Mythologie.... 4e la Géographie ancienne et moderne. Par M.N. Bouillet … ouvrage revu et continué par A Chassang. Nouvelle édition (vingt-cinquième), avec un Supplement. Paris, 1876. 8vo.
–– The Map of Europe by Treaty, showing the various political and territorial changes which have taken place since the General Peace of 1814, with numerous maps and notes. By Edward Hertslet, C.B. London, 1875. Vol. 1, 1814-1827; vol. 2, 1828-1863; vol. 3, 1864-1875.—This work shows the changes which have taken place in the Map of Europe by Treaty or other International arrangements. It contains a List of Treaties, etc., between Great Britain and Foreign Powers for the maintenance of the Peace of Europe and for the Settlement of European Questions, 1814-75.
History.—Moniteur des Dates, contenant un million des renseignements biographiques, généalogiques et historiques. Par Edouard Oettinger. Dresde, 1866-68. 6 thin vols. 4to. Tomes 7, 8, 9, Supplément commencé par E.M. Oettinger considérablement augmenté … par Dr. Hugo Schramm. Leipzig, 1873-1882.
–– Haydn's Dictionary of Dates and Universal Information relating to all Ages. 16th edition, by Benjamin Vincent. London.
–– The Manual of Dates. A Dictionary of Reference of the most important facts and events in the History of the World. By George H. Townsend. Fifth edition entirely remodelled and edited by Frederick Martin. London, 1877. 8vo.
–– Encyclopædia of Chronology, Historical and Biographical. By B.B. Woodward, B.A., and William L.R. Gates. London, 1872. 8vo.
–– The Dictionary of Chronology, or Historical and Statistical Register. Compiled and edited by William Henry Overall, F.S.A. London, 1870. 8vo.
–– The Anniversary Calendar, Natal Book, and Universal Mirror; embracing anniversaries of persons, events, institutions, and festivals, of all denominations, historical, sacred and domestic, in every period and state of the world. London, 1832. 2 vols. 8vo.
History.—An Epitome of the Civil and Literary Chronology of Rome and Constantinople, from the death of Augustus to the death of Heraclius. By Henry Fynes Clinton, M.A. Edited by the Rev. C.J. Fynes Clinton, M.A. Oxford, 1853. 8vo.
–– Fasti Romani: the Civil and Literary Chronology of Rome and Constantinople, from the death of Augustus to the death of Justin II. [to the death of Heraclius]. By Henry Fynes Clinton, M.A. Oxford, 1845-50. 2 vols. 4to.
–– Fasti Hellenici: the Civil and Literary Chronology of Greece, from the earliest accounts to the death of Augustus. By Henry Fynes Clinton, M.A. Oxford, 1834-51. 3 vols. 4to.
–– Descriptive Catalogue of Materials relating to the History of Great Britain and Ireland to the end of the reign of Henry VII. By Thomas Duffus Hardy. London, 1862-71. Vol. I. From the Roman Period to the Norman Invasion. Vol. II. A.D. 1066 to A.D. 1200. Vol. III. A.D. 1200 to A.D. 1327.
–– The Dictionary of English History. Edited by Sidney J. Low, B.A., and F.S. Pulling, M.A. London, 1884. 8vo.
–– Introduction to the Study of English History. By Samuel R. Gardiner, Hon. LL.D., and J. Bass Mullinger, M.A. London, 1881. 8vo. The Second part by Mr. Mullinger is devoted to Authorities, and is a model of what such a work should be.
History.—Handy-Book of Rules and Tables for Verifying Dates with the Christian Era … with Regnal years of English Sovereigns from the Norman Conquest to the present time, A.D. 1066 to 1874. By John J. Bond. London, 1875. Sm. 8vo.
–– The Annals of England: an Epitome of English History, from contemporary writers, the Rolls of Parliament and other Public Records. Library Edition. Oxford and London, 1876. 8vo. Contains some valuable information as to the sources of history in the Appendix.
–– The Representative History of Great Britain and Ireland, being a History of the House of Commons and of the Counties, Cities, and Boroughs of the United Kingdom from the earliest period. By T.H.B. Oldfield. London, 1816. 6 vols. 8vo.
–– An Index to "The Times," and to the topics and events of the year 1862. [By J. Giddings.] London, 1863. 8vo.
–– An Index to "The Times," and to the topics and events of the year 1863. By J. Giddings. London, 1864. 8vo.
–– Index to "The Times" Newspaper, 1864, to September, 1885. London. 410.
–– Annals of our Time, from the accession of Queen Victoria, 1837, to the Peace of Versailles, 1871. By J. Irving. London, 1871. 8vo. Supplement (Feb. 1871-July, 1878). London, 1879. 8vo.
(France.)—Dictionnaire Historique de la France.... Par Ludovic Lalanne. Paris, 1872. 8vo.
Insurance.—The Insurance Cyclopædia, being a Dictionary of the definition of terms used in connexion with the theory and practice of Insurance in all its branches; a Biographical Summary … a Bibliographical Reportery.... By Cornelius Walford. London, vol. 1, 1871, to vol. 6. Royal 8vo.
Language.—See Dictionaries, Philology.
Law.—The Law-Dictionary, explaining the rise, progress, and present state of the British Law.... By Sir Thomas Edlyne Tomlins; fourth edition by Thomas Colpitts Granger. London, 1835. 2 vols. 4to.
–– Wharton's Law-Lexicon, forming an Epitome of the Law of England … seventh edition by J.M. Lely, M.A. London, 1863. Royal 8vo.
–– A Law Dictionary, adapted to the Constitution and Laws of the United States of America and of the several States of the American Union.... By John Bouvier. Fourteenth edition. Philadelphia, 1870.
–– The Lawyer's Reference Manual of Law Books and Citations. By Charles C. Soule. Boston, 1883. 8vo.
–– Ancient Law; its connection with the early history of Society, and its relation to modern ideas. By H.S. Maine. London, 1861. 8vo.
Law.—Lectures in Jurisprudence. By John Austin. Third edition, revised and edited by R. Campbell. London, 1869. 3 vols. 8vo.
–– Justice of the Peace and Parish Officer. By R. Burn. The 30th edition was published in 1869. The 13th edition of Archbold's Justice of the Peace appeared in 1878.
–– Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England. Student's edition.
Literature.
(English.)—Cyclopædia of English Literature. Edited by Robert Chambers. Edinburgh, 1843. New edition by Robert Carruthers. Edinburgh. 2 vols. Royal 8vo.
–– Dictionary of English Literature, being a Comprehensive Guide to English Authors and their Works. By Davenport Adams. London, n.d. Sq. 8vo.
–– Professor Henry Morley's English Writers, his Tables of English Literature, and his volumes of Selections, entitled Library of English Literature, will be found of great value.
(American.)—Cyclopædia of American Literature: embracing personal and critical Notices of Authors, and selections from their writings.... By Evert A. Duyckinck and George L. Duyckinck. Edited to date by M. Laird Simons. Philadelphia, 1877. 2 vols. Imp. 8vo.
–– The Poets and Poetry of Europe, with Introductions and Biographical Notices, by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. London, 1855. Roy. 8vo.
(Polish.)—Bentkowskiego (F.). Historya Literatury Polskiey. Warszawie, 1814. 2 vols. 8vo.
(Russian.)—Otto (Friedrich). History of Russian Literature, with a Lexicon of Russian Authors. Translated from the German by George Cox. Oxford, 1839. 8vo.
(Spanish.)—Ticknor (George). History of Spanish Literature. New York, 1849. 3 vols. 8vo.
(Classical.)—A History of Latin Literature from Ennius to Boethius. By George Augustus Simcox, M.A. London, 1883. 2 vols. 8vo.
–– A History of Roman Classical Literature. By R.W. Browne, M.A. London, 1884. 8vo.
–– A History of Roman Literature. By W.S. Teuffel, translated by Wilhelm Wagner, Ph.D. London, 1873. 2 vols. 8vo.
–– Bibliographical Clue to Latin Literature. Edited after Dr. E. Hübner, with large additions by the Rev. John E.B. Mayor. London, 1875. 12mo.
–– Guide to the Choice of Classical Books. By Joseph B. Mayor. Third edition, with Supplementary List. London, 1885.
Manuscripts.—Guide to the Historian, the Biographer, the Antiquary, the man of literary curiosity, and the collector of autographs, towards the verification of Manuscripts, by reference to engraved facsimiles of handwriting. [By Dawson Turner.] Yarmouth, 1848. Roy. 8vo. A most valuable alphabetical Index of the names of celebrated men, with references to the books where specimens of their writing can be found.
Mathematics.—Dictionnaire des Mathématiques appliqués.... Par H. Sonnet. Paris, 1867. Roy. 8vo.
Mechanics.—Knight's American Mechanical Dictionary.... By Edward H. Knight. London and New York, 1874-77. 3 vols. royal 8vo.
–– Cyclopædia of Useful Arts, Mechanical and Chemical, Manufactures, Mining and Engineering. Edited by Charles Tomlinson. London, 1866. 3 vols. roy. 8vo.
Medical.—The Cyclopædia of Anatomy and Physiology. Edited by Robert B. Todd, M.D., F.R.S. London, 1835-59. 5 vols, in 6, royal 8vo.
–– A Dictionary of Practical Medicine.... By James Copland. London, 1858. 3 vols. 8vo.
–– An Expository Lexicon of the terms, ancient and modern, in Medical and General Science; including a complete Medico-Legal Vocabulary.... By R.G. Mayne, M.D. London, 1860. 8vo.
–– Cooper's Dictionary of Practical Surgery and Encyclopædia of Surgical Science. New edition brought down to the present time by Samuel A. Lane. London, 1872. 2 vols, royal 8vo.
–– Medical Lexicon: a Dictionary of Medical Science … by Robley Dunglison, M.D., LL.D. A new edition enlarged and thoroughly revised by Richard J. Dunglison, M.D. Philadelphia, 1874. Roy. 8vo.
Monograms.—Dictionnaire des Monogrammes, marques figurées, lettres initiales, noms abrégés, etc., avec lesquels les Peintres, Dessinateurs, Graveurs et Sculpteurs ont designé leurs noms. Par François Brulliot. Nouvelle édition. Munich, 1832-34. 3 parts. Imp. 8vo.
Music.—General History of the Science and Practice of Music. By Sir John Hawkins. London, 1776. 5 vols. 4to.
–– History of Music from the earliest ages to the present period. By Charles Burney. London, 1776-89. 4 vols. 4to.
–– Biographie Universelle des Musiciens et Bibliographie générale de la musique. Par F.J. Fétis. Deuxième édition. Paris, 1860-65. 8 vols. roy. 8vo.
–– Supplément et Complément, publiés sous la direction de M. Arthur Pougin. Paris, 1878-80. 2 vols. roy. 8vo.
–– Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Edited by [Sir] G. Grove. London, 1878. 8vo. In progress.
Mythology.—Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, edited by Dr. W. Smith. 1845-48. 3 vols. 8vo.
Natural History.—Dictionary of Natural History Terms, with their derivations, including the various orders, genera, and species. By David H. McNicoll, M.D. London, 1863. Sm. 8vo.
Natural History.—See Botany, Zoology.
Painters.—A General Dictionary of Painters.... By Matthew Pilkington, A.M. A new edition, corrected and revised by R. A. Davenport. London, 1852. 8vo.
–– A Catalague Raisonné of the Works of the most eminent Dutch, Flemish, and French Painters, … to which is added a Brief Notice of the Scholars and Imitators of the Great Masters of the above schools. By John Smith. London, 1829-42. 9 parts. Roy. 8vo.
–– The Picture Collector's Manual, adapted to the Professional Man and the Amateur; being a Dictionary of Painters … together with an alphabetical arrangement of the Scholars, Imitators, and Copyists of the various masters, and a Classification of Subjects. By James R. Hobbes. London, 1849. 2 vols. 8vo.
Peerage.—Courthope's "Historical Peerage," founded on Sir Nicholas Harris Nicolas's "Synopsis of the Peerage," is an indispensable work, but it only refers to English Titles. Mr. Solly's "Index of Hereditary Titles of Honour" contains the Peerage and Baronetage of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
–– The Official Baronage of England, 1066 to 1885, by James E. Doyle (vols. 1-3. 4to.), has just appeared.
Peerage.—Of the current peerages, Burke's, Dod's, Debrett's, and Foster's, all have their points of merit.
Periodicals.—Catalogue of Scientific Serials of all countries, including the Transactions of Learned Societies in the Natural, Physical and Mathematical Sciences, 1633-1876. By Samuel H. Scudder. Library of Harvard University, 1879. 8vo.—In this valuable list of periodicals, which is arranged geographically according to countries with an alphabet under each country, transactions and journals are joined together in the same arrangement. At the end there are an Index of Towns, an Index of Titles, and an Index of Minor Subjects.
–– An Index to Periodical Literature. By Wm. Fred. Poole. New York. Roy. 8vo. 1st ed. 1843; 2nd ed. 1848; 3rd ed. 1882.
–– Catalogue of Scientific Papers (1800-1863). Compiled and published by the Royal Society of London. London, 1867-72. 6 vols. 4to. (1864-73.) Vol. 7, 1877; Vol. 8, 1879.—Vol. 1, A-Clu; Vol. 2, Coa-Gra; Vol. 3, Gre-Lez; Vol. 4, Lhe-Poz; Vol. 5, Pra-Tiz; Vol. 6, Tka-Zyl; Vol. 7, A-Hyr; Vol. 8, I-Zwi.
–– The celebrated Dr. Thomas Young published in the second volume of his Course of Lectures on Natural Philosophy and the Mechanical Arts (1807) a most valuable Catalogue of books and papers relating to the subject of his Lectures, which is classified minutely, and occupies 514 quarto pages in double columns. In Kelland's new edition (1845) the references are abridged and inserted after the several lectures to which they refer.
Philology.—Max Müller's "Lectures on the Science of Language"; Marsh's "Lectures" and "Origin and History of the English Language"; Abp. Trench's "English. Past and Present"; "Select Glossary."
Physics.—Elementary Treatise on Natural Philosophy. By A. P. Deschanel. 8vo.
–– Elementary Treatise on Physics. By A. Ganot, edited by E. Atkinson. Sm. 8vo.
Plate.—Old English Plate, ecclesiastical, decorative, and domestic, its makers and marks. By Wilfred Joseph Cripps, M.A., F.S.A. Second edition. London, 1881. 8vo.
Plays.—See Drama.
Pottery.—Marks and Monograms on Pottery and Porcelain of the Renaissance and Modern periods, with historical notices of each Manufactory.... By William Chaffers. Fourth edition. London, 1874. Roy. 8vo.
Prices.—History of Prices from 1793 to 1856. By Thomas Tooke and William Newmarch. London, 1838-57. 6 vols. 8vo.
Prints.—An Introduction to the Study and Collection of Ancient Prints. By William Hughes Willshire, M.D. Edin. Second edition, revised and enlarged. London, 1877. 2 vols. 8vo.
–– The Print Collector, an Introduction to the Knowledge necessary for forming a Collection of Ancient Prints. By J. Maberly, … Edited with Notes, an Account of Contemporary Etching and Etchers, and a Bibliography of Engraving. By Robert Hoe, jun. New York, 1880. Sq. 8vo.
–– Etching and Etchers. By P.G. Hamerton. New edition. London, 1876. 8vo.
Printing.—Typographia or the Printers' Instructor: including an Account of the Origin of Printing.... By J. Johnson, Printer. London, 1824. 2 vols. 8vo.
–– A Dictionary of the Art of Printing. By William Savage. London, 1841. 8vo.
Proverbs.—A Hand-Book of Proverbs, comprising an entire republication of Ray's Collection of English Proverbs … and a complete alphabetical Index … in which are introduced large additions collected by Henry G. Bohn, 1857. London, 1872.
–– A Polyglot of Foreign Proverbs, comprising French, Italian, German, Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese, and Danish, with English translations and a general Index. By Henry G. Bohn. London, 1867.
–– English Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases collected from the most authentic sources, alphabetically arranged and annotated. By W. Carew Hazlitt. London, 1869. 8vo. Second edition. London, 1882. Sm. 8vo.
Quotations.—Many Thoughts of Many Minds: being a Treasury of References, consisting of Selections from the Writings of the most celebrated Authors. Compiled and analytically arranged by Henry Southgate. Third edition. London, 1862. 8vo. Second Series. London, 1871. 8vo.
Quotations.—Noble Thoughts in Noble Language: a Collection of Wise and Virtuous Utterances in Prose and Verse, from the writings of the known good and the great unknown. Edited by Henry Southgate. London. 8vo.
–– Prose Quotations from Socrates to Macaulay, with Indexes. By S. Austin Allibone. Philadelphia, 1876. Roy. 8vo.
–– Poetical Quotations from Chaucer to Tennyson, with copious Indexes. By S. Austin Allibone. Philadelphia, 1875. Roy. 8vo.
–– A Dictionary of Quotations from the English Poets. By Henry G. Bohn. London, 1867. Sq. 8vo. Second edition. London. Sm. 8vo.
–– An Index to Familiar Quotations, selected principally from British Authors, with parallel passages from various writers, ancient and modern. By J.C. Grocott. Liverpool, 1863. Sm. 8vo.
–– Familiar Quotations: being an attempt to trace to their source passages and phrases in common use. By John Bartlett. Author's edition. London, Sm. 8vo.
–– Words, Facts and Phrases, a Dictionary of Curious, Quaint, and Out-of-the-Way Matters. By Eliezer Edwards. London, 1882. Sm. 8vo.
Quotations.—The Reader's Handbook of Allusions, References, Plots and Stories, with their appendices. By the Rev. E. Brewer, LL.D.... Third edition. London, 1882. Sm. 8vo.
–– Dictionary of Phrase and Fable.... By the Rev. E. Cobham Brewer, LL.D. Twelfth edition. London, no date.
–– A Dictionary of Latin and Greek Quotations, Proverbs, Maxims and Mottos, Classical and Mediæval, including Law Terms and Phrases. Edited by H.T. Riley, B.A. London, 1880. Sm. 8vo.
Receipts.—Cooley's Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts and Collateral Information in the Arts, Manufactures, Professions and Trades … designed as a comprehensive Supplement to the Pharmacopœia.... Sixth edition, revised and greatly enlarged by Richard V. Tuson. London, 1880. 2 vols. 8vo.
Records.—Handbook of the Public Record Office. By F.S. Thomas, Secretary of the Public Record Office. London, 1853. Roy. 8vo.
–– Index to the Printed Reports of Sir Francis Palgrave, K.H., the Deputy-Keeper of the Public Records, 1840-1861. London, 1865. By John Edwards and Edward James Tabrum. In one alphabet.
Ritual.—Hierurgia; or, Transubstantiation, Invocation of Saints, Relics and Purgatory, besides those other articles of Doctrine set forth in the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass expounded; and the use of Holy Water, Incense, and Images [etc.] Illustrated. By D. Rock, D.D. Second edition. London, 1851. 8vo.
Ritual.—Hierurgia Anglicana; or, Documents and Extracts illustrative of the Ritual of the Church in England after the Reformation. Edited by Members of the Ecclesiological, late Cambridge Camden Society. London, 1848. 8vo.
Sports.—An Encyclopædia of Rural Sports, or complete account (historical, practical, and descriptive) of Hunting, Shooting, Fishing, Racing, etc., etc. By Delabere P. Blaine. A new edition. London, 1840. 8vo.
Taxes.—A Sketch of the History of Taxes in England from the earliest times to the present day. By Stephen Dowell. London, 1876. 8vo. Vol. 1 to the Civil War 1642.
Theology.—See Ecclesiology.
Topography.—A Topographical Dictionary of England.... By Samuel Lewis. Seventh edition. London, 1849.
–– A Topographical Dictionary of Wales.... By Samuel Lewis. Fourth edition. London, 1849. 2 vols. 4to.
–– A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland.... By Samuel Lewis. Second edition. London, 1842. 2 vols. 4to.
–– See Geography.
Wills.—An Index to Wills proved in the Court of the Chancellor of the University of Oxford, and to such of the records and other instruments and papers of that Court as relate to matters or causes testamentary. By the Rev. John Griffiths, M.A., Keeper of the Archives. Oxford, 1862. Roy. 8vo. In one alphabet, with a chronological list appended.
Zoology.—Nomenclator Zoologicus, continens Nomina Systematica Generum Animalium tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum disposita, adjectis auctoribus, libris in quibus reperiuntur, anno editionis, etymologia et familiis, ad quas pertinent, in singulis classibus. Auctore L. Agassiz.... Soliduri, 1842-46. 4to.
–– Nomenclator Zoologicus, continens Nomina Systematica generum animalium tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum disposita sub auspicis et sumptibus C.R. Societatis Zoologico-Botanicæ conscriptus a Comite Augusto de Marschall [1846-1868]. Vindobonæ, 1873. 8vo.
2. Country.