Czytaj książkę: «Answer to the Fundamental Question of Philosophy»

Abstract

The fundamental question of philosophy is: "What comes first—matter or consciousness?" The answer to this fundamental question divides philosophy into two camps: materialism (matter is primary) and idealism (consciousness is primary). This research work provides a reasoned answer to this fundamental question of philosophy. Answering this fundamental question of philosophy became possible thanks to my theory of the nature of the universe, which is the most relevant of all existed theories as it bases on the achievements of modern physical science in understanding the laws of the Universe.

The Universe Before the Big Bang

Before the Big Bang, there was no material matter (elementary particles possessing mass) in the Universe, and, accordingly, no planets, stars, galaxies, or other space objects.

The Universe was filled only with space-time quanta. A quantum is an elementary part of a physical quantity. Space-time quantum is called hereinafter as "quanton" from the word "quantum".

A quanton consists of four massless charges: two electric and two magnetic of opposite polarity, and thus provides electromagnetic symmetry of the Universe. Quantons are linked together by charges of opposite sign, and thus form an elastic quantized medium. An analogy can be drawn with a certain grid of electric and magnetic field lines that connect the entire Universe together. Quantons are located at the nodes of this grid.

A quanton is a universal particle that is a carrier of space, time, energy, gravity and electromagnetism simultaneously, and therefore the entire space of the Universe filled with quantons is also called quantized space-time or space-time. The number of quantons in one cubic meter of space-time is about 10⁷⁵. The diameter of one quanton is about 10^-25 meters, which is ten orders of magnitude smaller than the size of an electron. The calculated electromagnetic energy of a quanton is about 10^-2 J. Quantized space-time has a colossal energy capacity. The energy capacity of one cubic meter of quantized space-time is 10⁷³ J. Therefore, quantized space-time is a carrier of super-strong electromagnetic interaction.

The Big Bang

At some point in the existence of the Universe filled only with quantons the concentration of quantons in the Universe increased to such an extent that it led to an increase in the density of quantized space-time and, as a consequence, to an increase in the pressure and density of electromagnetic energy in the center of the Universe.

When the pressure and density of electromagnetic energy in the center of the Universe reached a critical level, at the point of singularity the destruction of quantons occurred, which released the colossal energy of the quantons located there, which in turn led to the Big Bang.

According to modern concepts, the Big Bang occurred in the Universe about 13.8 billion years ago.

The one who filled the Universe with quantons and increased their concentration in the Universe, which led to the Big Bang, is the Creator of the Universe.

Shape and Size of the Universe

The increase in the concentration of quantons in the center of the Universe, which led to the Big Bang, indicates that the Universe is not infinite and has a spherical shape.

If the Universe were infinite, then there would not have been an increase in the concentration of quantons in the center of the Universe, which led to the Big Bang, which, in turn, led to the development of the Universe, as evidenced by the information disclosed below.

For ease of understanding of the size of the Universe, we will conditionally divide the Universe into a visible part and an invisible part. The visible part of the Universe is the part of the Universe that humanity can observe using modern technical means (as of 2025).

The diameter of the visible part of the Universe is about 8.8 × 10²⁶ meters. The volume of the visible part of the Universe is about 3.6 × 10⁸⁰ cubic meters.

According to preliminary calculations, the size of the Universe is about 1,000,000 visible parts of the Universe.

How Material Matter Appeared

As a result of the Big Bang, the destruction of quantons occurred at the singularity point of the Universe. The magnetic charges that were part of the quantons were destroyed, releasing the electromagnetic energy of the quantons in the form of photons (quanta of electromagnetic radiation), and the massless electric charges of opposite polarity that were part of the quantons formed electric dipoles (a system of two equal in magnitude and opposite in sign point electric charges located at some distance from each other).

Thus, as a result of the destruction of quantons, a colossal amount of electromagnetic energy appeared in the Universe in the form of photons and free electric dipoles, which led to a violation of the equilibrium of the quantized space-time of the Universe.

Electric dipoles (hereinafter referred to as dipoles) are massless unstable particles capable of disintegrating into individual electric charges. When a photon hits a dipole, it disintegrates the dipole into two massless electric charges of negative and positive polarity.

When a massless electric charge of negative polarity appears in quantized space-time, quantons are drawn to the center of said negative charge, as a result of which quantized space-time is deformed (curved) and as a consequence an electron is born (an elementary particle of material matter).

Similarly to the birth of an electron, when a massless electric charge of positive polarity appears in quantized space-time, a positron is born, which is an antiparticle in relation to an electron and differs from an electron only in the sign of the polarity of the charge.

Thus, with the birth of an electron and a positron, mass (i.e. material matter) appears. The birth of an electron and a positron from a vacuum is confirmed by numerous experimental facts that indicate the presence of a quantized structure in the space-time of the Universe.

By approximately the same analogy as the electron and positron are born, when photons enter a conglomerate of dipoles (for conglomerates of dipoles, see the chapter “Interaction of Information and Energy” below), more complex elementary particles with mass are born, which subsequently form all the chemical elements presented in the periodic table of chemical elements.

Thus, elementary particles with mass appear as a result of spherical deformation of quantized space-time, which occurs due to the entry of massless electric charges into quantized space-time.

Mass is the energy of spherical deformation of quantized space-time. In other words, mass is a certain clot of electromagnetic energy. The stronger and more voluminous the deformation of quantized space-time, the greater the mass.

The reverse process of the birth of an electric dipole occurs during the annihilation of an electron and positron, when they approach very close to each other. In this case, the monopole electric charges of the electron and positron merge into an electric dipole, destroying the deformation of quantized space-time. The mass (material matter) disappears, and the electromagnetic energy of the deformation of quantized space-time, being released, passes into wave electromagnetic energy in the form of photons.