Czytaj książkę: «Constitution of Ethiopia»
The Government of Ethiopia
Constitution of Ethiopia
Published by Good Press, 2022
EAN 4064066458898
Table of Contents
PREAMBLE
CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 1: Nomenclature of the State
Article 2: Ethiopian Territorial Jurisdiction
Article 3: The Ethiopian Flag
Article 4: National Anthem of Ethiopia
Article 5: Languages
Article 6: Nationality
Article 7: Gender Reference
CHAPTER TWO: FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSTITUTION
Article 8: Sovereignty of the people
Article 9: Supremacy of the Constitution
Article 10:Human and Democratic Rights
Article 11: Separation of State and Religion
Article 12: Conduct and Accountability of Government
CHAPTER THREE: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS
Article 13: Scope of Application and Interpretation
PART ONE: HUMAN RIGHTS
PART TWO: DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS
CHAPTER FOUR: STATE STRUCTURE
Article 45: Form of Government
Article 46: States of the Federation
Article 47: Member States of the Federal Democratic Republic
Article 48: State Border Changes
Article 49: Capital City
CHAPTER FIVE: THE STRUCTURE AND DIVISION OF POWERS
Article 50: Structure of the Organs of State
Article 51: Powers and Functions of the Federal Government
Article 52: Powers and Functions of States
CHAPTER SIX: THE FEDERAL HOUSES
Article 53: The Federal Houses
Part one: The House of Peoples’ Representatives
PART TWO: THE HOUSE OF THE FEDERATION
CHAPTER SEVEN: THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC
Article 69: The President
Article 70: Nomination and Appointment of the President
Article 71: Powers and Functions of the President
CHAPTER EIGHT: THE EXECUTIVE
Article 72: The Powers of the Executive
Article 73: Appointment of the Prime Minister
Article 74: Powers and Functions of the Prime Minister
Article 75: Deputy Prime Minister
Article 76: The Council of Ministers
Article 77: Powers and Functions of the Council of Ministers
CHAPTER NINE: STRUCTURE AND POWERS OF THE COURTS
Article 78: Independence of the Judiciary
Article 79: Judicial Powers
Article 80: Concurrent Jurisdiction of Courts
Article 81: Appointment of Judges
Article 82: Structure of the Council of Constitutional Inquiry
Article 83: Interpretation of the Constitution
Article 84: Powers and Functions of the Council of Constitutional Inquiry
CHAPTER TEN: NATIONAL POLICY PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVES
Article 85: Objectives
Article 86: Principles for External Relations
Article 87: Principles for National Defence
Article 88: Political Objectives
Article 89: Economic Objectives
Article 90: Social Objectives
Article 91: Cultural Objectives
Article 92: Environmental Objectives
CHAPTER ELEVEN: MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
Article 93: Declaration of State of Emergency
Article 94: Financial Expenditures
Article 95: Revenue
Article 96: Federal Power of Taxation
Article 97: State Power of Taxation
Article 98: Concurrent Power of Taxation
Article 99: Undesignated Powers of Taxation
Article 100: Directives on Taxation
Article 101: The Auditor General
Article 102: Election Board
Article 103: Population Census Commission
Article 104: Initiation of Amendments
Article 105: Amendment of the Constitution
Article 106: The Version with Final Legal Authority
PREAMBLE
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We, the Nations, Nationalities and Peoples of Ethiopia:
Strongly committed, in full and free exercise of our right to self-determination, to building a political community founded on the rule of law and capable of ensuring a lasting peace, guaranteeing a democratic order, and advancing our economic and social development;
Firmly convinced that the fulfillment of this objective requires full respect of individual and people’s fundamental freedoms and rights, to live together on the basis of equality and without any sexual, religious or cultural discrimination;
Further convinced that by continuing to live with our rich and proud cultural legacies in territories we have long inhabited, have, through continuous interaction on various levels and forms of life, built up common interest and have also contributed to the emergence of a common outlook;
Fully cognizant that our common destiny can best be served by rectifying historically unjust relationships and by further promoting our shared interests;
Convinced that to live as one economic community is necessary in order to create sustainable and mutually supportive conditions for ensuring respect for our rights and freedoms and for the collective promotion of our interests;
Determined to consolidate, as a lasting legacy, the peace and the prospect of a democratic order which our struggles and sacrifices have brought about;
Have therefore adopted, on 8 December 1994 this constitution through representatives we have duly elected for this purpose as an instrument that binds us in a mutual commitment to fulfill the objectives and the principles set forth above.
CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL PROVISIONS
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Article 1: Nomenclature of the State
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This Constitution establishes a Federal and Democratic State structure. Accordingly, the Ethiopian state shall be known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.
Article 2: Ethiopian Territorial Jurisdiction
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The territorial jurisdiction of Ethiopia shall comprise the territory of the members of the Federation and its boundaries shall be as determined by international agreements.
Article 3: The Ethiopian Flag
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1. The Ethiopian flag shall consist of green at the top, yellow in the middle and red at the bottom, and shall have a national emblem at the center. The three colors shall be set horizontally in equal dimension. 2. The national emblem on the flag shall reflect the hope of the Nations, Nationalities, Peoples as well as religious communities of Ethiopia to live together in equality and unity. 3. Members of the Federation may have their respective flags and emblems and shall determine the details thereof through their respective legislatures.
Article 4: National Anthem of Ethiopia
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The national anthem of Ethiopia, to be determined by law, shall reflect the ideals of the Constitution, the Commitment of the Peoples of Ethiopia to live together in a democratic order and of their common destiny.
Article 5: Languages
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1. All Ethiopian languages shall enjoy equal state recognition. 2. Amharic shall be the working language of the Federal Government. 3. Members of the Federation may by law determine their respective working languages.
Article 6: Nationality
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1. Any person of either sex shall be an Ethiopian national where both or either parent is Ethiopian. 2. Foreign nationals may acquire Ethiopian nationality. 3. Particulars relating to nationality shall be determined by law.
Article 7: Gender Reference
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Provisions of this Constitution set out in the masculine gender shall also apply to the feminine gender.
CHAPTER TWO: FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSTITUTION
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Article 8: Sovereignty of the people
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1. All sovereign power resides in the Nations, Nationalities and Peoples of Ethiopia. 2. This Constitution is an expression of their sovereignty. 3. Their sovereignty shall be expressed through their representatives elected in accordance with this Constitution and through their direct democratic participation
Article 9: Supremacy of the Constitution
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1. The Constitution is the supreme law of the land. Any law, customary practice or a decision of an organ of state or a public official which contravenes this Constitution shall be of no effect. 2. All citizens, organs of state, political organizations, other associations as well as their officials have the duty to ensure observance of the Constitution and to obey it. 3. It is prohibited to assume state power in any manner other than that provided under the Constitution. 4. All international agreements ratified by Ethiopia are an integral part of the law of the land.
Article 10:Human and Democratic Rights
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1. Human rights and freedoms, emanating from the nature of mankind, are inviolable and inalienable. 2. Human and democratic rights of citizens and peoples shall be respected.
Article 11: Separation of State and Religion
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1. State and religion are separate. 2. There shall be no state religion. 3. The state shall not interfere in religious matters and religion shall not interfere in state affairs.
