GENUS III. LOBIPES, Cuv. LOBEFOOT
Bill at least as long as the head, extremely slender, straight, nearly cylindrical, towards the end tapering; upper mandible with the dorsal line straight, unless at the end, where it is a little decurved, the ridge broad and depressed, the sides slightly sloping, the edges rounded, and inflected towards the narrow acute tip; nasal groove long, linear; lower mandible with the angle very long and narrow, the sides convex, the tip narrowed. Head small, with the fore part high and rounded; neck of moderate length; body rather slender. Feet moderate, slender; tibia bare at the lower part; tarsus extremely compressed, narrowed before and behind, covered anteriorly with numerous scutella; toes slender, first extremely small, free, with a slight membrane beneath, second slightly shorter than fourth; toes all scutellate above, the anterior webbed at the base, and margined on both sides with a lobed or sinuated membrane. Claws very small, arched, compressed, acute. Plumage soft, and blended. Wings long and pointed, the first quill longest; inner secondaries very long and tapering; tail of twelve feathers rounded or nearly even. Tongue extremely slender, grooved above, tapering to a horny point; œsophagus narrow, uniform; stomach rounded, muscular, with the epithelium dense and longitudinally rugous; intestine of moderate length and width; cœca rather long. Trachea much flattened, with a single pair of inferior laryngeal muscles.
341. 1. Lobipes hyperboreus, Lath. Hyperborean Lobefoot
Plate CCXV. Male and Female.
Bill about the same length as the head, membranes of the toes scolloped, tail much rounded; upper parts greyish-black, the head lighter and more tinged with grey, the scapulars and some of the feathers of the back edged with yellowish-red, of which colour are the sides of the head and neck; throat and sides of the upper part of the neck white; wing-coverts and quills brownish-black, tinged with grey, the shafts of the quills, margins, and tips of secondaries, and a broad bar on the tip of the secondary coverts white; tail light grey, the feathers margined with white, the two middle dark brownish-grey, lateral upper tail-coverts white, barred with dusky; breast and abdomen white. Young similar, but with the colours paler.
Male
, 6, 131/2; wing 53/4.
Rarely seen south of New York. Plentiful at some periods from Massachusetts to Maine. Abundant in the Bay of Fundy during spring and autumn. Breeds in Labrador and along all the Arctic coast. Migratory.
Phalaropus hyperboreus. Bonap. Syn. p. 342.
Hyperborean Phalarope, Nutt. Man. v. ii. p. 239.
Hyperborean Phalarope, Phalaropus hyperboreus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iii. p. 118; v. v. p. 595.
342. 2. Lobipes Wilsonii, Sabine. Wilson's Lobefoot
Plate CCLIV. Male and Young.
Bill half as long again as the head; membranes of the toes merely sinuous, tail nearly even; general colour of upper parts brownish-grey, hind neck and rump greyish-white, crown of head ash-grey; a white line over the eye; a band of black on the lore, under the eye, and down the side of the neck, where it enlarges, and changes into chestnut-red, extending down the back; another chestnut band crosses the wing, and includes part of the inner secondaries; quills greyish-brown, outer primaries and their coverts much darker, the shaft of the first white, tail-feathers pale brownish-grey on the outer, white more or less mottled on the inner webs; throat and cheeks white; fore neck orange-brown, fading below, and extending paler over the sides of the body; breast, abdomen, and lower wing-coverts white.
Adult
, 10, 171/2.
Procured in Kentucky, New Jersey, and Boston. Breeds abundantly on the Rocky Mountains. Saskatchewan River. Winters in Mexico.
Grey Phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. ix. p. 72.
Phalaropus Wilsonii, Bonap. Syn. p. 342.
Wilson's Phalarope, Phalaropus Wilsonii, Bonap. Amer. Orn. v. iv. p. 59.
Phalaropus Wilsonii, Wilson's Phalarope, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 405.
American Phalarope, Nutt. Man. v. ii. p. 245.
Wilson's Phalarope, Phalaropus Wilsonii, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iii. p. 400.
GENUS IV. TOTANUS, Bechst. TATLER
Bill much longer than the head, very slender, subcylindrical, straight, flexible, compressed at the base, the point rather depressed and obtuse; upper mandible with the dorsal line straight, the ridge convex, as are the sides, the edges thick, the tip slightly deflected; lower mandible with the angle very long and narrow, the dorsal line straight, the sides convex, with a slight groove in their basal half, the edges grooved longitudinally, as are those of the upper, the tip narrow. Nostrils basal, linear. Head of moderate size, oblong; neck rather long and slender; body slender. Feet very long and slender; tibia bare for half its length; tarsus compressed, scutellate before and behind; hind toe very small, anterior of moderate length, connected by webs at the base, all scutellate above. Claws small, slightly arched, rather obtuse. Plumage soft and blended; wings long, narrow, pointed; first quill longest, inner secondaries long; tail short, of twelve rounded feathers.
343. 1. Totanus macularius, Wils. Spotted Tatler. – Spotted Sandpiper. Peet-weet
Plate CCCX. Male and Female.
Bill a little longer than the head, very slender, flexible, greenish above, yellow beneath, legs rather long and slender, pale flesh-colour; upper parts glossy greenish-olive, with bronze reflections, the head longitudinally streaked, the back transversely undulated with dusky; lower parts white, marked with numerous brownish-black spots, smaller on the throat, largest and roundish on the breast and sides. Young with the upper feathers of the upper parts terminally margined with dusky, the wing-coverts barred, the lower parts pure white.
Male
, 8, 133/4.
Breeds from the Texas along the shores to Maine, the islands of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and Labrador. Inland all over the country. Very common. Resident in the Southern States. Columbia River.
Spotted Sandpiper, Tringa macularia, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. vii. p. 60.
Totanus macularius, Bonap. Syn. p. 325.
Spotted Tatler or Peet-weet, Nutt. Man. v. ii. p. 162.
Spotted Sandpiper, Totanus macularius, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iv. p. 81.
344. 2. Totanus solitarius, Wils. Solitary Tatler. – Solitary Sandpiper
Plate CCLXXXIX. Male and Female.
Bill a little longer than the head, very slender, greenish-black; feet greenish-grey, long; upper part of head, lores, cheeks, hind part and sides of neck greyish-brown, streaked with brownish-white; a dull white line from the bill to the eye; upper part of throat greyish-white; fore neck of the same colour, streaked with greyish-brown; the rest of the lower parts white; the axillars and wing-coverts broadly barred with dusky; back and scapulars deep greenish-brown, the feathers edged with a few small spots of white and dusky, those of the inner secondaries more numerous; larger wing-coverts similar; smaller coverts, primary coverts, and primaries, deep brownish-black, secondaries greyish-brown; tail feathers and coverts broadly banded with white and brownish-black, except the two middle, which are merely spotted with white on the edges.
Male
, 81/2, 161/2.
Distributed from Texas over the United States, breeding in deep woody situations, in the Fur Countries on the bare sand. Columbia River. Partially migratory.
Solitary Sandpiper, Tringa solitaria, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. vii. p. 53.
Totanus chloropygius, Bonap. Syn. p. 325.
Totanus chloropygius, Green rump Tatler, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 393.
Green-rump Tatler, Totanus chloropygius, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iii. p. 576; v. v. p. 583.
345. 3. Totanus flavipes, Lath. Yellowshanks Tatler. – Yellowshanks Snipe
Plate CCLXXXVIII. Male.
Bill a fourth longer than the head, black; feet long, bright yellow; upper part of the head, lores, cheeks, hind part and sides of the neck deep brownish-grey, streaked with greyish-white; a white line from the bill to the eye; fore neck greyish-white, streaked with greyish-brown, as are the sides; the rest of the lower parts white; the lower tail-coverts slightly marked with grey, the axillars and loral wing-coverts banded or spotted with the same; back and scapulars olivaceous brown, tinged with grey, the feathers edged with small dusky and white spots; wing-coverts and inner secondary quills similar, the marginal spots on the latter forming bands; primary quills blackish-brown, the shaft of the outer brownish-white, of the rest dark brown, the edges of the inner, and of the middle secondaries white; hind part of back brownish-grey; rump white, upper tail-coverts and tail barred with greyish-brown and white.
Male
, 103/ , 20.
From Texas to Maine, in autumn and spring. Very abundant at the same seasons throughout the interior. Breeds in the Fur Countries, up to the highest northern latitudes.
Yellowshanks Snipe, Scolopax flavipes, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. vii. p. 55.
Totanus flavipes, Bonap. Syn. p. 324.
Totanus flavipes, Yellowshanks Tatler, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 390.
Yellowshanks Tatler, Nutt. Man. v. ii. p. 152.
Yellowshank, Totanus flavipes, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iii. p. 573; v. v. p. 586.
346. 4. Totanus vociferus, Wils. Tell-tale Tatler. – Tell-tale Godwit or Snipe. Greater Yellowshanks. Long-shanks. Humility. Clou-Clou
Plate CCCVIII. Male and Female in winter.
Bill about half longer than the head, black, at the base bluish-grey; legs long, bright yellow. Upper part of head, lores, cheeks, and neck all round, excepting the throat, streaked with brownish-black, on a white ground, tinged with grey on the head and hind neck; breast, and abdomen, white; almost entirely spotted and barred with brownish-black, as are the sides and tail-coverts, together with the axillar feathers and lower wing-coverts; the lower surface of the primaries light grey, their shafts white; upper parts black, glossed with green, and variegated with white, each feather being margined with triangular spots of that colour; hind part of rump and upper tail-coverts white, barred with dusky; anterior small. Wing-coverts, alula, primary coverts, and primary quills, brownish-black, without spots, shaft of first primary white, of the rest brown; tail-feathers white, with numerous bands of dark greyish-brown, the middle six feathers more or less of a light brownish-grey toward the end, the bars not extending over their central part. In winter, the upper parts much paler, the lower having the greater part of the breast and abdomen pure white.
Male
, 14, 243/4.
Female
, 133/4, 251/2.
Abundant during autumn, winter, and spring, from Texas along the Atlantic, and throughout the interior to Labrador. Few breed in the Jerseys; most from Labrador northward.
Tell-tale Godwit or Snipe, Scolopax vociferus, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. vii. p. 57.
Totanus melanoleucus, Bonap. Syn. p. 324.
Totanus vociferus, Tell-tale, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 389.
Tell-tale or Greater Yellowshanks, Nutt. Man. v. ii. p. 148.
Tell-tale Godwit, Totanus melanoleucus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iv. p. 68.
347. 5. Totanus Glottis, Linn. Greenshank Tatler
Plate CCLXIX. Male.
Bill nearly one-half longer than the head, dusky green; legs long dull greyish-green; all the lower parts, and the back, excepting a small portion anteriorly, pure white; the fore part of head and cheeks also white; loral band with small oblong spots of greyish-brown, sides of lower part of fore neck and a portion of the breast faintly undulated with grey; upper part of head, hind part and sides of neck, greyish-white, lineated with greyish-brown; scapulars and inner secondaries greyish-brown, edged with greyish-white, and lined or mottled with dark brown towards the margins; smaller wing-coverts plain brown, the larger darker near the edge, and margined with whitish, as are the outer secondaries; primary quills and coverts dark brown, the shaft of the outer white; tail greyish-white, undulated with light brown, the outer four feathers on each side with only a series of spots on the outer edge, which on the outermost feathers is almost obliterated.
Male
, 11, wing, 7.
Only three procured on Sand Key, Florida.
Scolopax Glottis, Linn. Syst. Nat. v. i. p. 245.
Greenshank, Nutt. Man. v. ii. p. 68.
Greenshank, Totanus Glottis, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iii. p. 483.
348. 5. Totanus semipalmatus, Lath. Semipalmated Tatler. – Willet. Stone Curlew
Plate CCLXXIV. Fig. 1. Male in spring. Fig. 2. Female in winter.
Bill nearly a half longer than the head, rather stout, light blue, dusky toward the end; feet long, rather stout, light blue, the basal membranes large. In summer, the head and neck brownish-grey, streaked with blackish-brown; throat and a band from the bill over the eye white; fore part of back and scapulars brownish-grey, variegated with central marks of blackish-brown; third part of back brownish-grey with a gloss of olive; wing-coverts grey, with central lines of brownish-black; primary coverts and primary quills brownish-black, the latter white in their basal half; outer secondaries white, inner like the scapulars; lower wing-coverts and axillar feathers blackish-brown; breast and sides white, the latter transversely undulated with brownish-black; abdomen, and lower and upper tail-coverts white, with a few dusky bars; four middle tail-feathers barred with brownish-black and brownish-grey, the rest pale grey, fading to white on the outer, and all more or less minutely undulated with pale brownish-grey.
Male
, 151/2, 273/4.
Female
, 151/2, 31.
Breeds abundantly in Texas, and along the Atlantic shores to New York, sparingly as far as Massachusetts. Constant resident in the Southern States. Rare in the interior.
Semipalmated Snipe, Scolopax semipalmata, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. vii. p. 27.
Totanus semipalmatus, Semipalmated Tatler, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 388.
Semipalmated Snipe or Willet, Nutt. Man. v. ii. p. 144.
Semipalmated Snipe or Willet, Totanus semipalmatus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iii. p. 510; v. v. p. 585.
GENUS V. LIMOSA, Briss. GODWIT
Bill very long, slender, subcylindrical, tapering to an obtuse point, slightly recurved; upper mandible with the dorsal line slightly curved upwards, the ridge convex, the sides with a narrow groove extending almost to the point, the edges rather obtuse, the tip very slightly enlarged; lower mandible with the angle very long and extremely narrow, the sides with a narrow groove extending almost to the end, the edges blunt, the tip obtuse. Nostrils basal, linear, nearer the edge. Head small, oblong; neck rather long, slender; body slender. Feet long and slender; tibia bare for about a third, anteriorly scutellate; tarsus long, slender, scutellate before and behind; toes small, slender, scutellate above; anterior connected by webs at the base, first very small. Claws small, compressed, slightly arched, obtuse. Plumage soft and blended. Wings rather long, narrow, very acute; primaries tapering, the first longest, the inner secondaries elongated. Tail short, even, of twelve narrow rounded feathers.
349. 1. Limosa Fedoa, Linn. Great Marbled Godwit
Plate CCXXXVIII. Male and Female.
Bill dull flesh-colour at the base, blackish-brown toward the end; feet bluish-grey; head and neck light yellowish-grey, streaked with dusky; the rest of the upper parts spotted and barred with brownish-black and greyish-yellow; alula and primary coverts brownish-black, as are the outer webs of the first three quills, those of the other primaries, and both webs of the secondaries, reddish-ochre, all more or less finely mottled with dusky, and the primaries of that colour towards the end, but with the terminal margins whitish; the inner secondaries barred like the back, as are the tail-feathers; breast, abdomen, and lower surface of wings, light reddish-yellow, the axillar feather of a deeper tint, the sides faintly barred with dusky.
Male
, 161/2, 281/2.
Female
, 201/2.
Passes in spring from Texas along the coast, in immense flocks, to Massachusetts, and apparently across the land, to the Saskatchewan, where it breeds. None seen in Labrador. A few breed in South Carolina, perhaps also in Texas. Not observed in the Western Country. In autumn returns southward beyond the limits of the United States.
Great Marbled Godwit, Scolopax Fedoa, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. vii. p. 30.
Limosa Fedoa, Bonap. Syn. p. 328.
Limosa Fedoa, Great Marbled Godwit, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 395.
Great Marbled Godwit, Nutt. Man. v. ii. p. 173.
Great Marbled Godwit, Limosa Fedoa, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iii. p. 287; v. v. p. 590.
350. 2. Limosa Hudsonica, Lath. Hudsonian Godwit
Plate CCLVIII. Adult, Male, and Young Female.
Bill greyish-yellow, dark brown along the ridge of the upper mandible, and blackish toward the tips of both; feet light greyish-blue; head and neck brownish-grey, with darker lines; a band from the bill over the eye, and the throat, greyish-white; back deep grey, the scapulars brownish-black, with small white markings on the edges of the feathers; smaller wing-coverts, alula, primary quills, and their coverts brownish-black; secondaries lighter, and with their inner webs pale grey; tips of primary coverts and bases of quills white, as is a broad band over the rump; tail-feathers and upper tail-coverts brownish-black, their bases white; lower parts bright yellowish-red, the sides mottled with dark brown; abdomen and lower tail-coverts paler and variegated with dusky; lower wing-coverts blackish-brown, edged with whitish. Young in winter with the lower parts pale brownish-grey, the upper brownish-grey, the fore part of the back and scapular brownish-black, the feathers edged with light brownish-red, wing-coverts brownish-grey.
Male
, 153/4, 28.
Female
, 163/4, 29.
Rather rare along the Atlantic Districts in spring and autumn. Breeds in the barren grounds of the Arctic seas in great numbers. Migratory.
Scolopax hudsonica, Lath. Ind. Orn. v. ii. p. 720.
Limosa hudsonica, Hudsonian Godwit, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 396.
Hudsonian Godwit, Nutt. Man. v. ii. p. 175.
Hudsonian Godwit, Limosa hudsonica, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iii. p. 426; v. v. p. 592.
GENUS