260. 5. Picus Canadensis, Gmel. Canadian Woodpecker
Plate CCCCXVII. Fig. 7. Male.
Fourth toe considerably longer than third; fourth quill longest, fifth longer than second; bristly feathers over the nostrils dull yellow; upper part of head and hind neck glossy black; over the eye a band of white, continuous with a transverse band of scarlet on the occiput, usually interrupted in the middle; a black band from near the bill to the eye, continued behind it over the auriculars, and joining the back of the hind neck; beneath this a white band from the angle of the mouth, curving backwards below the middle of the neck, so as to meet the other behind; then a narrow band of black from the base of the lower mandible and continuous with the black of the shoulders; upper part of the body, wings, and tail, black, feathers along the middle of the back tipped with white; wing-coverts, the anterior excepted, and quills spotted with the same, there being on the four longest primaries seven spots on the outer, and five on the inner webs, on most of the secondaries five on each web, but on the outer quill only one patch on each web, and on the second three spots on the outer, and four on the inner web; four middle tail-feathers glossy black, the rest black towards the base, that colour gradually diminishing, so that the outermost is almost entirely white; lower parts white.
Extremely similar to Picus villosus, but always much larger.
Male, 101/2, 173/4.
From the northern parts of New York to the Fur Countries. Common. Migratory in winter to New York.
Picus canadensis, Gmel. Syst. Nat. v. i. p. 437.
Picus (Dendrocopus) villosus, Hairy Woodpecker, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 305.
Canadian Woodpecker, Picus canadensis, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 188.
261. 6. Picus Phillipsii, Aud. Phillips's Woodpecker
Plate CCCCXVII. Figs. 5, 6. Male.
Fourth toe a little longer than third; fourth quill longest; bristly feathers over the nostrils yellowish-white; fore part of the head, to a little beyond the top, orange-yellow; occiput and hind neck glossy black; over the eye a band of white passing to behind the auriculars; a black band from above the angle of the mouth to the eye, and behind it, including the auriculars; below this a white band from the angle of the mouth joining that over the eye; then a narrower black band from the lower mandible; upper parts black, tinged with brown behind; feathers along the middle of the back tipped with white; some of the wing-coverts also tipped with white, and the quills spotted with the same, there being on the four largest primaries seven spots on the outer, and five on the inner web; the four middle tail-feathers glossy black, the rest black at the base, that colour gradually diminishing, so that the outermost is entirely white; lower parts white.
Male, 101/2; wing, 5.
Massachusetts. Very rare.
Phillips's Woodpecker, Picus Phillipsii, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 186.
262. 7. Picus Martinæ, Aud. Maria's Woodpecker
Plate CCCCXVII. Fig. 1. Male. Fig. 2. Female.
Fourth toe slightly longer than third; fourth quill longest, third longer than fifth; tufts of bristly feathers over the nostrils dull yellow; upper part of head scarlet; forehead and occiput black; a band of white over the eye; a black band from the bill to the eye, continued behind it over the auriculars, and joining the black of the hind neck; beneath this a band of white from the angle of the mouth, curving backwards below the middle of the neck, so as almost to meet its fellow behind; then a band of black from the base of the lower mandible, and continuous with the black of the shoulders; upper parts black; feathers along the middle of the back tipped with white; wing-coverts and quills spotted with the same, there being on the four longest primaries seven spots on the outer, and four on the inner web, on most of the secondaries five on each web, but on the outer quill only one patch on each web, and on the second four spots on the outer, and three on the inner web; four middle tail-feathers glossy black, the next black on the inner web, and on the greater part of the outer toward the base, the rest black only at the base, the two outer being almost entirely white; lower parts white, tinged with grey, and a little red, the sides faintly mottled with dusky grey.
Male, 92/12; wing, 410½/12.
A pair found at Toronto, Upper Canada.
Maria's Woodpecker, Picus Martinæ, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 181.
263. 8. Picus Harrisii, Aud. Harris's Woodpecker
Plate CCCCXVII. Fig. 8. Male. Fig. 9. Female.
Fourth toe considerably longer than third; fourth quill longest, fifth longer than second; bristly feathers over the nostrils dull yellow, with the tips black; upper part of the head and hind neck glossy black; over the eye a band of white, continuous with a transverse scarlet band on the occiput; a black band in the loral space continued behind the eye over the auriculars, and joining the black of the hind neck; beneath is a band of white, from the angle of the mouth, curving backward below the middle of the neck, but without meeting the other; then a band of black from the base of the lower mandible, and continuous with the black of the hind neck and shoulders; upper parts black, the quills tinged with brown; feather along the middle of the back largely tipped with white; quills, excepting the inner three, marked with small roundish spots, of which there are five on the outer and four on the inner web of the four longest quills, while on the outer there is only an elongated spot on the inner web, and on the next one spot on the outer and three on the inner; four middle tail-feathers black, the next black, with a small part of the inner web, and a large portion of the outer toward the end, white; the rest white, with the base black; the outermost small feathers almost entirely white; lower parts brownish-white. Female wants the red occipital band. This species is distinguishable from all the other spotted species, by having no white spots on the wing-coverts.
Male, 9; wing, 52/12.
Columbia River. Rare.
Harris's Woodpecker, Picus Harrisii, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 191.
264. 9. Picus villosus, Linn. Hairy Woodpecker
Plate CCCCXVI. Fig. 1. Male. Fig. 2. Female.
Bill as long as the head; fourth toe considerably longer than third; fourth and fifth quills longest and equal; bristly feathers over the nostrils dull yellow, tipped with black; upper part of head and hind neck glossy black; over the eye a band of white, continuous with a transverse band of scarlet on the occiput, usually divided in the middle; a black band from the bill to the eye, continued behind it over the auriculars, and joining the black of the hind neck; beneath this, a band of white from the angle of the mouth, curving backwards below the middle of the neck, so as to meet its fellow behind; then a black band from the base of the lower mandible; upper parts black, tinged with brown behind; feathers along the middle of the back, tipped with white; wing-coverts, the anterior excepted, and quills spotted with white, there being on the four longest primaries seven on the outer and five on the inner web, on most of the secondaries five on each web, but on the outer quill only one patch on each web, and on the second, two spots on the outer and three on the inner; four middle tail-feathers glossy black, the rest black only towards the base; lower parts white, tinged with dull green on the fore neck and breast, the sides with blackish-grey. Female without red on the head.
Male, 83/4, 141/2. Female, 81/2, 15.
Breeds from Texas to New Hampshire, Kentucky, and Valley of the Mississippi. Common. Resident.
Hairy Woodpecker, Picus villosus, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 150.
Picus villosus, Bonap. Syn. p. 46.
Hairy Woodpecker, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 575.
Hairy Woodpecker, Picus villosus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 164.
265. 10. Picus pubescens, Linn. Downy Woodpecker
Plate CXII. Male and Female.
Bill much shorter than the head, slender; fourth toe considerably longer than third; fourth quill longest; upper bristles over the nostrils yellowish, tipped with black; upper part of the head glossy black; a band of white over the eye ending in a scarlet occipital band; then a band of black from the eye to the hind neck, succeeded by one of white from the angle of the mouth, curving so as nearly to meet its fellow on the hind neck, and a black band from the lower mandible down the side of the neck. Upper parts black; feathers along the middle of the back tipped with white; coverts and quills spotted with white, there being six spots on the outer, and five on the inner webs of the four longest primaries, the outermost quill with one patch of white on the inner web, and the next with four spots on each web; outer small tail-feathers white, with a single black spot, next two white, with two terminal black bands, the rest variegated, except the two middle, which are black. Female without red.
Male, 63/4, 12.
Breeds from Texas to Labrador, and northward to Lat. 58°. Common throughout the interior to the eastern bases of the Rocky Mountains. In every district, a constant resident.
Downy Woodpecker, Picus pubescens, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 153.
Picus pubescens, Bonap. Syn. p. 46.
Picus (Dendrocopus) pubescens, Downy Woodpecker, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 307.
Downy Woodpecker, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 576.
Downy Woodpecker, Picus pubescens, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 81; v. v. p. 539.
266. 11. Picus Gairdnerii, Aud. Gairdner's Woodpecker
Not figured.
Bill shorter than the head, slender; fourth toe considerably longer than third, fifth quill longest; black above, with a scarlet occipital band, brownish-white beneath; spotted with white, and in all respects as to colour like the last species, only the spots on the wings are much smaller, and the patch of red brocade; the toes and bill larger.
Length, 68/12; wing, 310/12.
Columbia River.
Gairdner's Woodpecker, Picus Gairdnerii, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 317.
267. 12. Picus querulus, Wils. Red-cockaded Woodpecker
Plate CCCLXXXIX.
Upper part of the head, hind neck, and a band on each side of the neck, glossy black; a large patch on the side of the head and neck white; back black, barred with white; wings brownish-black, spotted with white, there being eight spots on the outer, and six on the inner webs of the longest quills; middle tail-feathers black, outer four on each side white, with black bars; lower parts white, sides of the neck and body with oblong black spots. Male with a small carmine line behind the eye.
Male, 81/2, 141/2. Female, 73/8, 131/4.
From Texas to New Jersey, along the Atlantic districts. Common. In the interior to Lower Mississippi. Resident.
Red-cockaded Woodpecker, Picus querulus, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. ii. p. 103.
Picus querulus, Bonap. Syn. p. 46.
Red-cockaded Woodpecker, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 577.
Red-cockaded Woodpecker, Picus querulus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 12.
268. 13. Picus Auduboni, Trudeau. Audubon's Woodpecker
Plate CCCCXVII. Adult.
Bill about the length of the head, with the outlines considerably arched, the tips acute, and not laterally worn; upper parts black, lower white, with a tinge of brown, the sides very faintly barred with dusky; tufts covering the nostrils white; on the anterior part of the top of the head some feathers largely tipped with yellow; a band of white over the eye; loral space and a broad band behind the eye black; feathers along the middle of the back tipped with white; wings spotted with white; six spots on the outer, and four on the inner webs of the longer primaries; four middle tail-feathers black, the next with the tip obliquely white, that colour enlarging on the rest, so as to include almost the whole of the outer feathers.
Adult, 7, 131/2.
Louisiana.
Picus Auduboni, Audubon's Woodpecker, Trudeau, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia, v. vii. p. 404.
Audubon's Woodpecker, Picus Auduboni, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 194.
269. 14. Picus ruber. Gmel. Red-breasted Woodpecker
Plate CCCCXVI. Fig. 9. Male. Fig. 10. Female.
Head, neck, and fore part of breast, deep carmine; upper parts black, variegated with white, lower pale yellow, with the sides undulated with dusky; middle tail-feathers with the inner web white, obliquely banded with black.
Male, 8, 14. Female, 8; wing, 52/12.
Upper California. Columbia River. Nootka. Common. Migratory.
Red-breasted Woodpecker, Picus ruber, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 179.
270. 15. Picus varius, Linn. Yellow-bellied Woodpecker
Male with the crown of the head and throat bright carmine; a semicircular patch of black on the lower fore neck, and a semilunar band on the occiput; upper parts bluish-black, variegated with white and yellow, lower yellow, with the sides undulated with dusky; middle tail-feathers with the inner web white, obliquely banded with black. Female similar, but with the throat white, and the yellow of the lower parts less pure. Young without red on the head or throat, the former dusky, streaked with faint brown, the latter greyish-white, the upper parts as in the adult, but duller, the tail variegated with white, the lower parts dull yellowish-grey, undulated with dusky, the abdomen dull yellowish.
Male, 81/2, 15.
Breeds from Maryland northward to the Saskatchewan. Rather rare in the interior in summer. Many spend the winter in the Southern and Western Districts.
Yellow-bellied Woodpecker, Picus varius, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 147.
Picus varius, Bonap. Syn. p. 45.
Picus (Dendrocopus) varius, Yellow-bellied Woodpecker, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 309.
Yellow-bellied Woodpecker, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 574.
Yellow-bellied Woodpecker, Picus varius. Aud. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 519; v. v. p. 537.
** Hind toe wanting. Genus Apternus of authors.
271. 16. Picus arcticus, Swains. Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker
Plate CXXXII. Male and Female.
Three-toed, with the upper parts glossy bluish-black, the lower white, the sides and lower wing-coverts transversely barred with black; tufts of bristly feathers black; crown of the head saffron-yellow; a white line from behind the eye, a band of the same from the base of the upper mandible to beneath the ear-coverts, succeeded by a black band; inner webs of all the quills and outer webs of the primaries spotted with white, there being seven spots on the outer, and five on the inner webs of the three longest; four middle tail-feathers black, the next with an oblique band of white, the rest black only at the base, except the outermost, of which nearly all the inner web is of that colour. Female without yellow on the head.
Male, 101/2, 16.
From the northern parts of New York to the Fur Countries, as well as along the eastern declivities of the Rocky Mountains. Rather common. Partially migratory.
Picus tridactylus, Bonap. Syn. p. 46.
Northern Three-toed Woodpecker, Picus tridactylus, Bonap. Amer. Orn. v. ii. p. 14.
Picus (apternus) arcticus, Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 313.
Northern Three-toed Woodpecker, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 578.
Three-toed Woodpecker, Picus tridactylus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 198.
272. 17. Picus hirsutus, Vieill. Banded Three-toed Woodpecker
Plate CCCCXVII. Fig. 3. Male. Fig. 4. Female.
Three-toed, with the upper parts deep glossy-black, the head with blue reflections, the back and wings tinged with brown; tufts over nostrils dull yellow; anterior part of head pale yellow, spotted with white; a band of white, with small dusky lines, from the angle of the mouth to the occiput; the back transversely banded with white; inner webs of all the quills and outer webs of the primaries spotted with white, there being seven spots on the outer, and five on the inner, webs of the three longest quills; four middle tail-feathers black, the next white at the end, the rest white, unless at the base, but the outermost banded with black. Female with the head black, streaked with white.
Male, 9; wing, 45/12.
From Lake Superior to the Arctic Sea. Abundant. Resident.
Picus hirsutus, Vieill. Ois. de l'Amer. v. ii. p. 124.
Picus (Apternus) tridactylus, Common Three-toed Woodpecker, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 311.
Common Three-toed Woodpecker, Picus hirsutus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 184.
*** Bill straight, with the angles obsolete, and the upper outline somewhat arched.
273. 18. Picus Carolinus, Linn. Red-bellied Woodpecker
Plate CCCCXV. Fig. 3. Male. Fig. 4. Female.
Male with the upper part of the head and hind neck bright carmine; the back and scapulars transversely banded with black and white; the rump and tail-coverts with the white predominating; primaries black, with a band of white; tail black, with the inner webs of the middle, and both webs of the outer barred with white; lower parts yellowish-white, abdomen red; lower wing and tail-coverts white, spotted with dusky. Female similar, but with the top of the head ash-grey and with less red on the abdomen.
Male, 73/4, 153/4. Female, 8, 141/2.
Breeds from Kentucky in the West, and from Maryland to Nova Scotia and Canada. Abundant in winter in all the Southern States, from Carolina to Texas, and especially in the Floridas.
Red-bellied Woodpecker, Picus carolinus, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 113.
Picus carolinus, Bonap. Syn. p. 45.
Red-bellied Woodpecker, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 572.
Red-bellied Woodpecker, Picus carolinus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 169.
274. 19. Picus erythrocephalus, Linn. Red-headed Woodpecker
Plate XXVII. Male and Female.
Head and neck bright crimson, that colour descending on the fore neck, and margined with a semilunar band of black; back wings and tail glossy bluish-black; inner secondaries, rump, and lower parts, pure white. Young with the head and neck brownish-grey, streaked with dusky; feathers of back and wing-coverts dusky, edged with grey; secondary quills yellowish-white barred with black; lower parts greyish-white, the sides streaked with dusky.
Male, 9, 17. Female, 81/2.
Breeds from Texas to Nova Scotia, and throughout the interior to the head waters of the Missouri; thence to Lake Huron. Extremely common. Great numbers spend the winter in Louisiana.
Red-headed Woodpecker, Picus erythrocephalus, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 142.
Picus erythrocephalus, Bonap. Syn. p. 45.
Melanerpes erythrocephalus, Red-headed Woodpecker, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 316.
Red-headed Woodpecker, Picus erythrocephalus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 141; v. v. p. 536.
275. 20. Picus torquatus, Wils. Lewis's Woodpecker
Plate CCCCXVI. Fig. 7. Male. Fig. 8. Female.
Upper parts black, highly glossed with dark green; a band across the forehead, the chin, and a broad patch on the side of the head, surrounding the eye, deep carmine, or blood-red; beyond this, the throat and part of the sides of the neck black; a band of dull white across the hind neck, continuous anteriorly with a large patch of yellowish-white, occupying the fore neck and part of the breast; the rest of the breast and the sides bright red; lower wing-coverts, abdomen, and lower tail-coverts black. Young with the red on the head scarcely apparent, that on the lower parts mixed with greyish-white, the fore part of the neck dull grey, and the white ring on the hind neck wanting; many of the feathers there with one or two white spots near the end.
Male, 11, wing, 72/12.
Rocky Mountains, and Columbia River. Abundant. Migratory.
Lewis's Woodpecker, Picus torquatus, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. iii. p. 31.
Picus torquatus, Bonap. Syn. p. 46.
Lewis's Woodpecker, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 577.
Lewis's Woodpecker, Picus torquatus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 176.
**** Bill comparatively slender, slightly arched, acute, with the lateral angles obsolete. Genus Colaptes of authors.
276. 21. Picus auratus, Linn. Golden-winged Woodpecker. – Flicker. Tucker. High-holder
Plate XXXVII. Male and Female.
Male with the upper part of the head and neck ash-grey; a transverse band of carmine on the hind neck; back, scapulars, and secondaries light greenish-brown, transversely spotted with black, rump white; tail-coverts white, with black markings; primaries and tail-feathers blackish-brown, the shafts yellow; sides of the head and fore neck light pale purplish-red, inclining to lilac; a black streak on each side of the throat, and a semilunar patch of the same on the fore part of the breast; lower parts reddish-white, tinged with yellow, and spotted with black; lower wing-coverts and inner edges of quills clear buff, lower surface of quills and tail-feathers yellow, the latter black toward the end. Female similar, but without the black bands on the throat.
Male, 121/2, 16.
Breeds from Texas to Nova Scotia, and the Fur Countries. Generally distributed in the United States. Eastern bases of Rocky Mountains. Extremely common. Resident in the Southern States.
Gold-winged Woodpecker, Picus auratus, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. ii. p. 45.
Picus auratus, Bonap. Syn. p. 44.
Colaptes auratus, Golden-shafted Woodpecker, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 314.
Flicker or Golden-winged Woodpecker, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 561.
Golden-winged Woodpecker, Picus auratus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 191; v. v. p. 540.