173. 2. Ammodramus Macgillivrayi, Aud. Macgillvray's Shore-Finch
Plate CCCLV. Male and Female.
Second, third, and fourth quills longest, first and seventh equal; tail rounded. Upper parts dull olivaceous-grey, streaked with blackish-brown, the central parts of all the feathers being of the latter colour; margin of the wing at the flexure yellowish-white; all the feathers of the wings dusky brown, margined with pale olivaceous; tail-feathers blackish-brown, margined with olivaceous; a yellowish-brown streak from the base of the upper mandible over the eye; throat and fore neck greyish-white, with an indistinct dusky streak on each side; breast and sides pale dull yellowish-grey marked with brownish-black streaks; middle of the breast and abdomen greyish-white, tinged with yellowish-brown; lower tail-coverts pale yellowish-brown, with a central dusky streak.
Male, 51/2, 73/4.
Abundant in Texas and along the Gulf of Mexico. Rather rare in South Carolina, from which it migrates in autumn.
Macgillivray's Finch, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 285; v. iv. p. 394; v. v. p. 499.
174. 3. Ammodramus caudacutus, Lath. Buff-breasted Shore-Finch. – Sharp-tailed Finch
Plate CXLIX. Male and Female.
Second, third, and fourth quills longest, first and fifth equal; tail graduated. Upper part of the head with a central bluish-grey streak, deep brown at the sides with the feathers black in the centre; hind neck dull grey, tinged with brown; back brown, tinged with grey, some of the feathers marked with black and edged with greyish-white; quills dusky brown, edged with reddish-brown, the secondary and smaller coverts with their outer webs chiefly of the latter colour; tail-feathers dusky brown, margined with greyish-olive; a broad band of light yellowish-red from the base of the upper mandible over the eye, and extending beyond the middle of the neck, where it is broader; ear-coverts grey; a broad band of yellowish-red from the lower mandible down the neck; throat whitish, with a line of dusky streaks on each side; the lower part of the neck, a portion of the breast, the lower tail-coverts, and the sides, pale yellowish-red, streaked with dusky; the rest of the lower parts white.
Male, 5, 71/4.
Breeds from Texas along the coast to Massachusetts. Never in the interior. Resident in the Southern States. Very abundant.
Sharp-tailed Finch, Fringilla caudacuta, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. iv. p. 70.
Fringilla caudacuta, Bonap. Syn. p. 110.
Shore Finch, Fringilla littoralis, Nutt. Man, v. i. p. 504.
Sharp-tailed Finch, Fringilla caudacuta, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 281; v. v. p. 499.
175. 4. Ammodramus palustris, Wils. Marsh Shore-Finch. Swamp Sparrow
Plate LXIV. Male.
Bill shorter than in the other species; tail-feathers less acuminate; upper part of head deep chestnut-red, streaked with black; hind part and sides of the neck light bluish-grey, cheeks dusky brown; a greyish-yellow streak over the eye; upper parts of body yellowish-brown, streaked with brownish-black; wing-coverts and secondaries broadly edged with yellowish-red, primaries with duller red; tail similar; throat greyish-white, with two small dusky streaks, the rest of the fore neck and part of the breast pale bluish-grey, the abdomen whitish, the sides yellowish-brown, streaked with dusky.
Male, 51/2, 71/2.
From Texas to North Carolina in winter. Spreads in spring and summer to the Missouri westward, and to Labrador eastward. Abundant.
Swamp Swallow, Fringilla palustris, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. iii. p. 49.
Fringilla palustris, Bonap. Syn. p. 110.
Swamp Sparrow, Fringilla Georgiana, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 502.
Swamp Sparrow, Fringilla palustris, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 331; v. v. p. 508.
GENUS VI. PEUCÆA, Aud. PINEWOOD-FINCH
Bill of moderate length, rather stout, straight, considerably compressed, acute; upper mandible with the dorsal line somewhat convex, the ridge rather narrow, the sides convex, the edges inflected, with the notches obsolete, the tip acute; lower mandible with the angle short and rounded, the dorsal line ascending and slightly convex, the ridge rounded, the sides convex, the edges involute, the tip acute. Nostrils small, roundish, partially concealed by the plumage. Head ovate; neck short; body moderately stout. Tarsus rather short, compressed, with seven scutella; toes moderate, very slender, hind toe rather large, lateral toes about equal, outer adherent at the base. Claws of moderate length, very slender, extremely compressed, arched, tapering to a fine point. Plumage very soft, blended. Wings very short, convex, rounded, the third and fourth quills longest, the first and seventh about equal. Tail rather long, graduated, of twelve narrow rounded feathers. No difference in the colours of the sexes. Name from [Greek: Peuchê], a pine.
176. 1. Peucæa Bachmanii, Aud. Bachman's Pinewood-Finch
Plate CLXV. Male.
Feathers of the upper parts brownish-red margined with bluish-grey, those on the fore part of the back darker; quills dusky brown, primaries margined with yellowish-grey, secondaries with brownish-red; tail-feathers dusky brown margined with grey; a band of ochre-yellow from the base of the upper mandible over the eye; throat pale yellowish-grey, with a short dusky streak on each side; lower parts light yellowish-grey, the fore part of the breast and the sides tinged with brown.
Male, 6, 71/2.
Georgia and South Carolina. Rather rare. Migratory.
Bachman's Finch, Fringilla Bachmanii, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 366.
177. 2. Peucæa Lincolnii, Aud. Lincoln's Pinewood-Finch
Plate CXCIII. Male and Female.
Bill shorter and more slender. Upper parts yellowish, streaked with brownish-black: on the head a thin greyish-blue longitudinal band; quills dusky brown, margined with yellowish-brown; tail-feathers broadly margined with yellowish-brown; cheeks greyish-brown, with an inferior band of ochreous; throat white, streaked with dusky, and having a line of dusky spots on each side; fore part of breast and sides pale greyish-yellow, streaked with dusky; the rest of the lower parts greyish-white.
Male, 53/4, 82/12.
New York and Labrador. Rather rare. Migratory.
Lincoln's Finch, Fringilla Lincolnii, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 539.
GENUS VII. LINARIA, Ray. LINNET
Bill short, conical, moderately stout, higher than broad at the base, compressed toward the end, acuminate; upper mandible with the dorsal line straight, the nasal sinus very short and broad, the ridge distinct and narrow, the sides convex, the edges ascending at first, afterwards direct, the tip very narrow, without notches; lower mandible with the angle short and semicircular, the dorsal line straight or very slightly concave, the sides convex, the tip acuminate. Nostrils basal, roundish, concealed by the feathers. Head of moderate size, roundish; neck short; body moderate. Feet of moderate length; tarsus short, compressed, with seven scutella; toes rather stout, the first large. Claws long, moderately arched, much compressed, very acute. Plumage soft and blended. Wings rather long, the first three quills nearly equal, the second generally longest, the first longer than the third. Tail rather long, deeply emarginate or forked, with the feathers pointed. Roof of upper mandible concave, with two ridges; tongue deeper than broad, concave above toward the point, which is acute; œsophagus enlarged about the middle; stomach roundish, muscular; intestine of moderate length, slender; cœca very small.
178. 1. Linaria borealis, Temm. Mealy Redpoll Linnet
Plate CCCC. Fig. 2. Male.
Male with the upper part of the head crimson, the cheeks, sides of the body, and hind part of the rump pale carmine; a band edging the forehead, the loral space, and the throat black; upper parts dusky, streaked with brownish-white, the fore part of the rump nearly white; feathers of the wings and tail dusky, margined with greyish-white, of which there are two transverse bands on the wings, formed by the tips of the secondary coverts and first row of small coverts; lower parts greyish-white, the sides streaked with dusky. Female somewhat less, with the black on the forehead and throat tinged with brown, the crimson patch on the head of less extent, the sides and rump destitute of red.
Male, 51/4, 9.
Accidental in New Jersey and New York. More common from Maine northward. Labrador and Fur Countries. Columbia River.
Grosbec boreal, Fringilla borealis, Temm. Man. d'Orn. v. iii. p. 264.
Mealy Redpoll, Fringilla borealis, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 87.
179. 2. Linaria minor, Ray. Lesser Redpoll Linnet
Plate CCCLXXV. Male and Female.
Male with the upper part of the head crimson; the sides of the neck, its fore part, the breast, and flanks, rich carmine; a band edging the forehead, the loral space, and the throat, brownish-black; the hind part of the head, the neck, the fore part of the back, and the scapulars deep-brown, streaked with pale yellowish-brown; the feathers on the rump margined with whitish, and tipped with carmine; feathers of the wings and tail brown, edged with yellowish-brown, of which there are two bands on the wings formed by the tips of the secondary coverts and first row of small coverts; middle of the breast, abdomen, and lower tail-coverts white, tinged with rose-colours; the sides longitudinally streaked with dusky. Female somewhat less, with the back of the forehead and throat more brown, less red on the head, and little or none on the rump or lower parts, which are white, the breast and flanks streaked with dusky. Young with the feathers of the upper parts blackish-brown, edged with yellowish-brown, the rump yellowish-grey, the lower parts dull white, streaked with blackish-brown; no red on any part.
Male, 5, 83/4.
From Pennsylvania and New Jersey to Maine, in winter; inland, to Kentucky. Breeds in Maine, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Labrador, and the Fur Countries. Abundant. Migratory.
Lesser Redpoll, Fringilla linaria, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. iv. p. 42.
Fringilla linaria, Bonap. Syn. p. 112.
Linaria minor, Lesser Redpoll, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. i. p. 267.
Lesser Redpoll, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 512.
Lesser Redpoll, Fringilla Linaria, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iv. p. 533.
180. 3. Linaria pinus, Wils. Pine Linnet
Plate CLXXX. Male and Female.
Upper parts yellowish-grey, streaked with dark brown; feathers of the wings dusky, the primaries margined with yellow, of which there is a patch formed by the bases of all the quills, except the outer three, and a few of the inner; tips of first row of small coverts, secondary coverts and outer edges of secondary quills dull white; tail-feathers dusky, their bases and outer edges yellow; lower parts greyish-white, streaked with brown, the fore neck tinged with reddish.
Male, 49/12, 81/2.
Wanders during winter to South Carolina, Louisiana, and Kentucky. Breeds north of the United States, in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Labrador. Columbia River. Plentiful.
Pine Finch, Fringilla pinus, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. ii. p. 133.
Fringilla pinus, Bonap. Syn. p. 111.
Pine Finch, Fringilla pinus, Nutt. Man. v.i. p. 511.
Pine Finch, Fringilla pinus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 455; v. v. p. 509.
GENUS VIII. CARDUELIS, Cuv. GOLDFINCH
Bill short, or of moderate length, conical, very stout at the base, compressed toward the end, and tapering to a fine point; upper mandible a little broader, with the nasal sinus very broad, the dorsal outline very slightly convex, the ridge narrowed toward the end, the sides convex, the edges a little inflected and overlapping, the edges slightly ascending at the base, the notches obsolete, the tip very acute; lower mandible with the angle short and rounded, the dorsal line straight, the sides convex, the tip very acute. Nostrils basal, roundish, concealed by the feathers. Head roundish-ovate; neck short; body rather full. Legs rather short; tarsus short, compressed, slender, with seven scutella; toes moderate, the first large, the lateral nearly equal. Claws long, compressed, moderately curved, very acute. Plumage very soft and blended. Wings rather long, pointed, the first, second, and third quills about equal and longest. Tail rather short, deeply emarginate. Roof of upper mandible deeply concave; tongue grooved above, pointed; œsophagus dilated about the middle; stomach small, broadly elliptical, moderately muscular; intestine short; cœca very small.
181. 1. Carduelis tristis, Linn. American Goldfinch
Plate XXXIII. Male and Female.
Bill rather slender, second and third quills longest. Male rich lemon-yellow, fading behind into yellowish-white; upper part of head, wings, and tail black; smaller coverts yellow, quills margined, and secondary coverts tipped with yellowish-white; inner webs of tail-feathers in their terminal half white. Female brownish-olive above, without black on the head; fore neck and breast greyish-yellow, the rest of the lower parts greyish-white. Young like the female, as is the male in winter.
Male, 41/2, 8.
Abundant in the Middle and Western Districts, during summer. Accidental in the Southern States during winter. Columbia River and Fur Countries. Abundant. Migratory.
American Goldfinch, Fringilla tristis, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 20.
Fringilla tristis, Bonap. Syn. p. 111.
Carduelis Americana (Edwards), American Goldfinch, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 268.
Yellow Bird or American Goldfinch, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 507.
American Goldfinch, Fringilla tristis, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 172; v. v. p. 510.
182. 2. Carduelis magellanicus, Vieill. Black-headed Goldfinch
Plate CCCXCIV. Fig. 2. Male.
Bill moderately stout; first and second quills equal and longest. Male with the head and throat black, back yellowish-green, rump and lower parts greenish-yellow; wings black, with two bands of yellowish-green, terminating the first row of small coverts, and the secondary coverts; a conspicuous band of yellow on the basal portion of all the quills, most of which are margined with the same toward the end; tail yellow, with the terminal half black.
Male, 43/4, wing 210/12.
Five seen in winter at Henderson in Kentucky, of which I procured two.
Black-headed Siskin, Fringilla magellanica, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 46.
183. 3. Carduelis psaltria, Say. Arkansaw Goldfinch
Plate CCCC. Fig. 1. Male.
Bill moderately stout; second quill longest, third scarcely shorter. Male with the upper part of the head black; hind neck, back, and scapulars yellowish-green, spotted with greenish-brown; rump greenish-yellow; upper tail-coverts dusky, margined with yellow, as on the smaller wing-coverts; the other coverts and quills black; secondary coverts broadly tipped with pale yellow, forming a conspicuous band; quills margined with yellowish-white, all except the outer three and the inner secondaries, white toward the base; tail-feathers brownish-black, narrowly edged with whitish, and all, except the middle and lateral with a whitish space at the base, running out along the outer margin so as to form a conspicuous patch. Female similar, but without the black on the head.
Male, 41/2, 8.
Eastern bases of Rocky Mountains, and Western Plains. Accidental in Lower Louisiana. Common. Migratory.
Arkansaw Siskin, Fringilla psaltria, Say, Long's Exped. v. ii. p. 40.
Fringilla psaltria, Bonap. Syn. p. 111.
Arkansas Siskin, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 510.
Arkansaw Siskin, Fringilla psaltria, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 85.
184. 4. Carduelis Yarrellii, Aud. Yarrell's Goldfinch
Plate CCCCXXXIII. Fig. 4. Male. Fig. 5. Female.
Bill very thick; second quill longest, third slightly longer than first. Male with the upper part of the head black, the back and scapulars yellowish-green, the hind neck and rump yellow; the wings and tail brownish-black; the former, when extended, crossed by two bands, one greenish-yellow, tipping the first row of small coverts, the other bright yellow and broad, on the base of the primary and secondary quills; tail also yellow in its basal half; lower parts bright yellow. Female with the upper parts yellowish-green, the lower dull greenish-yellow. This species, which has the bill thicker than any other here described, although it is otherwise inferior in size, not having been found by me any where noticed, I propose to honour with the name of my excellent friend Mr Yarrell. In my ornithological biography it is described as the Mexican Goldfinch, but that species has the back black, and the bases of the quills and tail-feathers white.
Male, 4, wing, 21/2.
Upper California.
Mexican Goldfinch, Fringilla Mexicana, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 282.
185. 5. Carduelis Stanleyi, Aud. Stanley Goldfinch
Not figured.
Bill thick; second and third quills equal, first little shorter. Male with the upper part of the head black, the back and scapulars yellowish-green, faintly streaked with dusky, the rump inclining to greenish-yellow; the wings and tail black; the former, when extended, crossed by two bands, one greenish-yellow, tipping the first row of small coverts, the other bright yellow and broad at the base of the primary and secondary quills; tail also yellow in its basal third, except on the middle feather; lower parts greenish-yellow, feeding into white on the abdomen; feathers on the throat black at the base; lower tail-coverts yellow, tipped with white, and having a central dusky streak. Female dull yellowish-green above, faintly streaked with dusky, paler beneath.
In this species, which I have named in honour of the illustrious Earl of Derby, the bill is so thick and short as to approach in form to that of the European Greenfinch.
Male, 49/12, wing, 210/12.
Upper California.
GENUS IX. FRINGILLA, Linn. FINCH
Bill short, stout, conical, somewhat compressed, pointed; upper mandible of the same breadth as the lower, with its dorsal line straight, the ridge indistinct, the sides rounded, the edges ascending at the base, the notches obsolete, the tip scarcely deflected; lower mandible with the angle very short and rounded, the dorsal line straight, the sides convex, the edges inflected, the tip acute. Nostrils basal, roundish, concealed by the feathers. Head rather large, ovate; neck short; body compact. Legs of moderate length; tarsus rather short, compressed, with seven scutella; toes moderate; hind toe stout, lateral equal. Claws rather long, arched, compressed, acute. Plumage rather compact, but blended. Wings of moderate length, with the second, third, and fourth quills longest. Tail of moderate length, slightly emarginate. Roof of upper mandible moderately concave, with three longitudinal ridges; tongue compressed, channelled above, horny, rather obtuse and concave at the end; œsophagus dilated about the middle; stomach roundish, muscular; intestine rather short; cœca small.
* Wings rather short, claws long, little arched.
186. 1. Fringilla iliaca, Merrem. Fox-coloured Finch
Plate CVIII. Male and Female.
Upper parts light red, claws long, hind toe and its claws of equal length, tail lighter, the head and neck intermixed with light bluish-grey; inner webs of quills brown, secondary coverts slightly tipped with whitish; lower parts white, and, except the abdomen, spotted with light red, the spots on the breast smaller and inclining to black; a patch of dusky on its fore part, produced by the inner webs of several of the feathers.
Male, 71/2, 101/2. Female, 71/2.
Dispersed in winter throughout the Southern and Western Districts. Breeds from Nova Scotia to Labrador and the Fur Countries. Rather common.
Fox-coloured Sparrow, Fringilla rufa, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. iii. p. 53.
Fringilla iliaca, Bonap. Syn. p. 112.
Fringilla (Zonotrichia) iliaca, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 257.
Ferruginous Finch, Fringilla iliaca, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 514.
Fox-coloured Sparrow, Fringilla iliaca, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 58; v. v. p. 512.
187. 2. Fringilla Townsendi, Aud. Townsend's Finch
Plate CCCCXXIV. Fig. 7. Female.
Claws very long, hind toe much shorter than its claw; upper parts very dark olivaceous-brown, with a slight tinge of red, which is more conspicuous on the rump and outer webs of the tail-feathers, and margins of the wings and quills; sides of the neck and body and feathers of legs similar, the rest white with dark brown triangular spots, lower tail-coverts brown, broadly margined with pale dull yellow.
Female, 7, 101/2.
Colorado of the West. Rocky Mountains.
Townsend's Finch, Fringilla Townsendi, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 236.