Esta deslumbrante crónica escrita por Marx entre diciembre de 1851 y marzo de 1852 muestra una vigencia indiscutible hoy, cuando la celebración o la impugnación del pasado aplasta la imaginación de otros futuros. Salpicada de imágenes poderosas que son parte de nuestro lenguaje político aun sin que lo sepamos («la historia sucede dos veces: una vez como tragedia y otra como farsa», «la tradición de todas las generaciones muertas oprime como una pesadilla el cerebro de los vivos»),

se trata de una pieza magistral tanto para pensar los efectos del miedo y el descontento de los pueblos como para dilucidar los resortes de la política, sus liderazgos y sus derivas populistas. Las revoluciones europeas de 1848 fueron un acontecimiento extraordinario. En esa «Primavera de los Pueblos», la aparición del proletariado como clase independiente parecía ratificar las profecías optimistas del

Manifiesto Comunista. En

El Dieciocho Brumario de Luis Bonaparte, Marx sigue paso a paso el curso turbulento de la Segunda República francesa (1848-1852), descifrando cómo pudo suceder que las barricadas populares fueran traicionadas y reprimidas por las distintas fracciones de la burguesía hasta que el golpe de Estado de Luis Bonaparte restauró el orden imperial. ¿Cómo explicar que un desclasado, un individuo desprestigiado y sin respaldo partidario ni parlamentario, acaparara el poder absoluto en cuestión de meses? ¿Y que la burguesía industrial, llamada a conducir los destinos del Estado, pudiera ser humillada por ese don nadie que saqueó el fisco, clausuró la Asamblea Nacional y se proclamó emperador? ¿Cómo comprender la anomalía del «bonapartismo»? ¿Fue de verdad un «rayo en cielo sereno»? Esta nueva edición de

El Dieciocho Brumario, al cuidado de Horacio Tarcus, lo confirma como una obra fundamental de Marx, en la que

reformula sus propias concepciones del Estado y de la ideología para explicar de qué modo los espectros del pasado pueden condicionar a los actores políticos y sofocar las energías del porvenir.

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