Agrophila.
Trabealis (Sulphuralis) – Spotted Sulphur
Acontia.
Luctuosa– Four-spotted
ERASTRIIDÆ.
Erastria.
Fasciana (Fuscula) – Marbled White Spot
Venustula– Rosy Marbled
Bankia.
Argentula– Silver-barred
Hydrelia.
Uncula (Unca) – Silver Hook
ANTHOPHILIDÆ.
Thalpochares (Micra).
Ostrina– Purple Marbled
Parva– Small Marbled
Paula– Scarce Marbled
POAPHILIDÆ.
Phytometra.
Viridaria (Ænea) – Small Purple-barred
EUCLIDIIDÆ.
Euclidia.
Mi– Mother Shipton
Glyphica– Burnet Noctua
OPHIUSIDÆ.
Ophiodes.
Lunaris– Lunar Double Stripe
CATEPHIIDÆ.
Catephia.
Alchymista– Alchymist
CATOCALIDÆ.
Catocala.
Fraxini– Clifden Nonpareil
Nupta– Red Underwing
Promissa– Light Crimson Underwing
Sponsa– Dark Crimson Underwing
AVENTIIDÆ.
Aventia.
Flexula– Scallop Barred
TOXOCAMPIDÆ.
Toxocampa.
Pastinum– Black Neck
Craccæ– New Black Neck
BOLETOBIIDÆ.
Boletobia.
Fuliginaria– Waved Black
HERMINIIDÆ.
Rivula.
Sericealis– Straw Dot
Zanclognatha.
Grisealis– Lesser Fan-foot
Tarsipennalis– Fan-foot
Emortualis– Olive Crescent
Herminia.
Cribralis– Dotted Fan-foot
Derivalis– Clay Fan-foot
Pechypogon.
Barbalis– Common Fan-foot
HYPENIDÆ.
Madopa.
Salicalis– Lesser Belle
Bomolocha.
Fontis (Crassalis) – Beautiful Snout
Hypena.
Rostralis– Lesser Snout
Proboscidalis– Snout
Hypenodes.
Albistrigalis– White-streak
Costæstrigalis– Ribbed-streak
Tholomiges (Schrankia).
Turfosalis– Tiny Snout
BREPHIDES.
Brephos.
Parthenias– Orange Underwing
Notha– Light Orange Underwing
UROPTERYGIDÆ.
Uropteryx.
Sambucaria (Sambucata) – Swallow Tail
ENNOMIDÆ.
Epione.
Parallelaria (Vespertaria) – Dark-bordered Beauty
Apiciaria– Bordered Beauty
Advenaria– Little Thorn
Rumia.
Luteolata (Cratægata) – Brimstone
Venilia.
Macularia– Speckled Yellow
Angerona.
Prunaria– Orange Moth
Metrocampa.
Margaritaria– Light Emerald
Ellopia.
Prosapiaria (Fasciaria) – Barred Red
Eurymene.
Dolobraria– Scorched Wing
Pericallia.
Syringaria– Lilac Beauty
Selenia.
Bilunaria (Illunaria) – Early Thorn
Lunaria– Lunar Thorn
Tetralunaria (Illustraria) – Purple Thorn
Odontopera.
Bidentata– Scalloped Hazel
Crocallis.
Elinguaria– Scalloped Oak
Eugonia.
Autumnaria (Alniaria) – Large Thorn
Alniaria (Tiliaria) – Canary-shouldered Thorn
Fuscantaria– Dusky Thorn
Erosaria– September Thorn
Quercinaria (Angularia) – August Thorn
Himera.
Pennaria– Feathered Thorn
AMPHIDASYDÆ.
Phigalia.
Pedaria (Pilosaria) – Pale Brindled Beauty
Nyssia.
Zonaria– Belted Beauty
Hispidaria– Small Brindled Beauty
Lapponaria– Rare Brindled Beauty
Biston.
Hirtaria– Brindled Beauty
Amphidasys.
Strataria (Prodromaria) – Oak Beauty
Betularia– Peppered Moth
BOARMIIDÆ.
Hemerophila.
Abruptaria– Waved Umber
Cleora.
Angularia (Viduaria) – Speckled Beauty
Glabraria– Dotted Carpet
Lichenaria– Brussels Lace
Boarmia.
Repandata– Mottled Beauty
Gemmaria (Rhomboidaria) – Willow Beauty
Abietaria– Satin Carpet
Cinctaria– Ringed Carpet
Roboraria– Great Oak Beauty
Consortaria– Pale Oak Beauty
Tephrosia.
Consonaria– Square Spot
Crepuscularia– Small Engrailed
Biundularia– Engrailed
Luridata (Extersaria) – Brindled White-spot
Punctularia– Grey Birch
Gnophos.
Obscuraria– Annulet
Dasydia.
Obfuscaria– Scotch Annulet
Psodos.
Coracina (Trepidaria) – Black Mountain Moth
GEOMETRIDÆ.
Pseudoterpna.
Pruinata (Cytisaria) – Grass Emerald
Geometra.
Papilionaria– Large Emerald
Vernaria– Small Emerald
Phorodesma.
Pustulata (Bajularia) – Blotched Emerald
Smaragdaria– Essex Emerald
Nemoria.
Viridata– Small Grass Emerald
Iodis.
Lactearia– Little Emerald
Hemithea.
Strigata (Thymiaria) – Common Emerald
EPHYRIDÆ.
Zonosoma.
Porata– False Mocha
Punctaria– Maiden's Blush
Linearia (Trilinearia) – Clay Triple-lines
Annulata (Omicronaria) – Mocha
Orbicularia– Dingy Mocha
Pendularia– Birch Mocha
ACIDALIIDÆ.
Hyria.
Muricata (Auroraria) – Golden-bordered Purple
Asthena.
Luteata– Small Yellow Wave
Candidata– Small White Wave
Sylvata– Waved Carpet
Blomeri (Pulchraria) – Blomer's Rivulet
Eupisteria.
Obliterata (Heparata) – Dingy Shell
Venusia.
Cambrica (Cambricaria) – Welsh Wave
Acidalia.
Perochraria– Ochraceous Wave
Ochrata– Bright Wave
Rubiginata (Rubricata) – Tawny Wave
Dimidiata (Scutulata) – Single-dotted Wave
Bisetata– Small Fan-footed Wave
Trigeminata– Treble Brown-spot
Contiguaria– Greening's Wave
Rusticata– Least Carpet
Holosericata– Silky Wave
Dilutaria (Interjectaria) – Dark Cream Wave
Virgularia (Incanaria) – Small Dusty Wave
Circellata– Circellate
Ornata– Lace Border
Marginepunctata (Promutata) – Mullein Wave
Straminata– Dotted-bordered Cream Wave
Subsericeata– Satin Wave
Immutata– Lesser Cream Wave
Strigaria– Streaked Wave
Remutaria– Cream Wave
Fumata– Smoky Wave
Strigilaria (Prataria) – Sub-angled Wave
Imitaria– Small Blood-vein
Emutaria– Rosy Wave
Aversata– Riband Wave
Inornata– Plain Wave
Degeneraria– Portland Riband Wave
Emarginata– Small Scallop
Timandra.
Amataria– Blood-vein
CABERIDÆ.
Cabera.
Pusaria– Common White Wave
Rotundaria– Round-winged Wave
Exanthemata– Common Wave
Bapta.
Temerata– Clouded Silver
Bimaculata (Taminata) – White-pinion Spotted
Aleucis.
Pictaria– Sloe Carpet
MACARIIDÆ.
Macaria.
Alternata– Sharp-angled Peacock
Notata– Peacock
Liturata– Tawny-barred Angle
Halia.
Vauaria (Wavaria) —V Moth
Brunneata (Pinetaria) – Rannoch Geometer
FIDONIIDÆ.
Strenia.
Clathrata– Latticed Heath
Panagra.
Petraria– Brown Silver-line
Numeria.
Pulveraria– Barred Umber
Scodiona.
Belgiaria– Grey Scalloped Bar
Selidosema.
Ericetaria (Plumaria) – Bordered Grey
Fidonia.
Carbonaria– Netted Mountain
Limbaria (Conspicuata) – Frosted Yellow
Ematurga.
Atomaria– Common Heath
Bupalus.
Piniaria– Bordered White
Minoa.
Murinata (Euphorbiata) – Drab Geometer
Scoria.
Lineata (Dealbata) – Black-veined
Aplasta.
Ononaria– Rest-harrow
Sterrha.
Sacraria– Vestal
Lythria.
Purpuraria– Purple-barred Yellow
Aspilates.
Strigillaria– Grass Wave
Ochrearia (Citraria) – Yellow Belle
Gilvaria– Straw Belle
ZERENIDÆ.
Abraxas.
Grossulariata– Currant Moth (Magpie)
Sylvata (Ulmata) – Clouded Magpie
Ligdia.
Adustata– Scorched Carpet
Lomaspilis.
Marginata– Clouded Border
LIGIIDÆ.
Pachycnemia.
Hippocastanaria– Horse Chestnut
HYBERNIIDÆ.
Hybernia.
Rupicapraria– Early Moth
Leucophæaria– Spring Usher
Aurantiaria– Scarce Umber
Marginaria (Progemmaria) – Dotted Border
Defoliaria– Mottled Umber
Anisopteryx.
Æscularia– March Moth
LARENTIIDÆ.
Cheimatobia.
Brumata– Winter Moth
Boreata– Northern WinterMoth
Oporabia.
Dilutata– November Moth
Filigrammaria– Autumnal Moth
Autumnaria
Larentia.
Didymata– Twin-spot Carpet
Multistrigaria– Mottled Grey
Cæsiata– Grey Mountain Carpet
Flavicinctata (Ruficinctata) – Yellow-ringed Carpet
Salicata– Striped Twin-spot Carpet
Olivata– Beech-green Carpet
Viridaria (Pectinitaria) – Green Carpet
Emmelesia.
Affinitata– Rivulet
Alchemillata– Small Rivulet
Albulata– Grass Rivulet
Decolorata– Sandy Carpet
Tæniata– Barred Carpet
Unifasciata– Haworth's Carpet
Minorata (Ericetata) – Heath Rivulet
Adæquata (Blandiata) – Pretty Pinion
Eupithecia.
Venosata– Netted Pug
Consignata– Pinion-spotted Pug
Linariata– Toadflax Pug
Pulchellata– Foxglove Pug
Oblongata (Centaureata) – Lime-speck
Succenturiata– Bordered Lime-speck
Subfulvata– Tawny-speckled Pug
Scabiosata (Subumbrata) – Shaded Pug
Pernotata– Guenée's Pug
Plumbeolata– Lead-coloured Pug
Isogrammaria– Haworth's Pug
Pygmæata– Marsh Pug
Helveticaria– Edinburgh Pug
Egenaria– Pauper Pug
Satyrata– Satyr Pug
Castigata– Grey Pug
Jasioneata– Jasione Pug
Trisignaria– Triple-spotted Pug
Virgaureata– Golden-rod Pug
Fraxinata– Ash-tree Pug
Extensaria– Scarce Pug
Pimpinellata– Pimpinel Pug
Valerianata– Valerian Pug
Pusillata– Dwarf Pug
Irriguata– Marbled Pug
Campanulata– Campanula Pug
Innotata– Long-winged Pug
Indigata– Ochreous Pug
Constrictata– Wild Thyme Pug
Nanata– Narrow-winged Pug
Subnotata– Plain Pug
Vulgata– Common Pug
Albipunctata– White-spotted Pug
Expallidata– Bleached Pug
Absinthiata– Wormwood Pug
Minutata– Ling Pug
Assimilata– Currant Pug
Tenuiata– Slender Pug
Subciliata– Maple Pug
Lariciata– Larch Pug
Abbreviata– Brindled Pug
Dodoneata– Oak-tree Pug
Exiguata– Mottled Pug
Ultimaria– Tamarisk Pug
Sobrinata– Juniper Pug
Togata– Cloaked Pug
Pumilata– Double-striped Pug
Coronata—V Pug
Rectangulata– Green Pug
Debiliata– Bilberry Pug
Collix.
Sparsata– Dentated Pug
Lobophora.
Sexalisata (Sexalata) – Small Seraphim
Halterata (Hexapterata) – Seraphim
Viretata– Yellow-barred Brindle
Carpinata (Lobulata) – Early Tooth-striped
Polycommata– Barred Tooth-striped
Thera.
Juniperata– Juniper Carpet
Simulata– Chestnut-coloured Carpet
Variata (Obeliscata) – Shaded Broad-bar
Firmata– Pine Carpet
Hypsipetes.
Ruberata– Ruddy High-flier
Trifasciata (Impluviata) – May High-flier
Sordidata (Elutata) – July High-flier
Melanthia.
Bicolorata (Rubiginata) – Blue-bordered Carpet
Ocellata– Purple Bar
Albicillata– Beautiful Carpet
Melanippe.
Hastata– Argent and Sable
Tristata– Small Argent and Sable
Procellata– Chalk Carpet
Unangulata– Sharp-angled Carpet
Rivata– Wood Carpet
Sociata (Subtristata) – Common Carpet
Montanata– Silver-ground Carpet
Galiata– Galium Carpet
Fluctuata– Garden Carpet
Anticlea.
Cucullata (Sinuata) – Royal Mantle
Rubidata– Flame
Badiata– Shoulder Stripe
Nigrofasciaria (Derivata) – Streamer
Berberata– Barberry Carpet
Coremia.
Munitata– Red Carpet
Designata (Propugnata) – Flame Carpet
Ferrugata– Red Twin-spot Carpet
Unidentaria– Dark-barred Twin-spot Carpet
Quadrifasciaria– Large Twin-spot Carpet
Camptogramma.
Bilineata– Yellow Shell
Fluviata– Gem
Phibalapteryx.
Tersata– Fern
Lapidata– Slender-striped Rufous
Vittata (Lignata) – Oblique Carpet
Polygrammata (Conjunctaria) – Many-lined
Vitalbata– Small Waved Umber
Triphosa.
Dubitata– Tissue
Eucosmia.
Certata– Scarce Tissue
Undulata– Scalloped Shell
Scotosia.
Vetulata– Brown Scallop
Rhamnata– Dark Umber
Cidaria.
Siterata (Psittacata) – Red-green Carpet
Miata– Autumn Green Carpet
Picata– Short-cloak Carpet
Corylata– Broken-barred Carpet
Sagittata– Marsh Carpet
Truncata (Russata) – Common Marbled Carpet
Immanata– Dark Marbled Carpet
Suffumata– Water Carpet
Reticulata– Netted Carpet
Silaceata– Small Phœnix
Prunata (Ribesiaria) – Phœnix
Testata– Chevron
Populata– Northern Spinach
Fulvata– Barred Yellow
Dotata (Pyraliata) – Barred Straw
Associata (Dotata) – Spinach
Pelurga.
Comitata– Dark Spinach
EUBOLIIDÆ.
Eubolia.
Cervinata (Cervinaria) – Mallow
Limitata (Mensuraria) – Small Mallow
Plumbaria (Palumbaria) – Belle
Bipunctaria– Chalk Carpet
Mesotype.
Virgata (Lineolata) – Oblique-striped
Carsia.
Paludata (Imbutata) – Manchester Treble Bar
Anaitis.
Plagiata– Treble Bar
Lithostege.
Griseata– Pale Grey Carpet
Chesias.
Spartiata– Streak
Rufata (Obliquaria) – Broom Tip
SIONIDÆ.
Tanagra.
Atrata (Chærophyllata) – Chimney Sweep
The success of the country rambles of an expert lepidopterist depends greatly on his knowledge of the times at which the various butterflies and moths generally appear, and of the localities which they are known to frequent. The experiences he has gained in the past enable him to calculate on the probabilities of the future, and he chooses both time and locality according to his requirements.
As he makes his way to the hunting ground he counts over the chances of meeting with a certain insect that is wanted to fill a long-standing blank in his cabinet; and we hear him discussing the probabilities as to whether this species is yet 'out,' or whether the larvæ of that species are feeding.
How different it is with the young and unguided entomologist! He rambles promiscuously here and there, having only the faintest idea as to what he is likely to see, and perhaps meeting with only four or five species when an experienced collector, without covering a larger area of ground, would take scores in the same time.
In order to afford some little help to the beginner, I have thought it advisable to introduce a calendar of operations to guide him in his work. The space at our command would not allow this to be carried out in detail, but the general instructions will undoubtedly assist most of my readers until the practical experience gained by a few years' work has enabled them to run on their own legs.
Of course, in making reference to the monthly lists of insects on the wing, allowance must be made for the forwardness or backwardness of the seasons. Thus, an insect entered in the April list may appear in March in an exceptionally warm season, but may not emerge till the early part of May if the spring has been unusually severe.
It will be observed that in cases where all the species of a certain genus or family appear on the wing in the same month, the name of that genus or family is entered on the list instead of the names of the individual species; but the latter can easily be obtained by reference to Appendix I.
There is not much field work to be done during this month. If the weather is very severe, hardly an insect will be found on the wing; but a mild January will sometimes entice the Brimstone Butterfly (Rhamni) and some of the hybernating Vanessas from their winter quarters.
Hybernating moths may also be met with, on the wing if the weather is mild, or sleeping in their sheltered nooks during the frosts. These include several Noctuæ—Auricoma, Lithargyria, Suffusa, Vaccinii, Spadicea, Erythrocephala, Satellitia, Rubiginea, Croceago, Vetusta, Exoleta, Ornithopus, Furcifera, Semibrunnea, Socia, and Libatrix; and also a few Geometræ—Zonaria, Fluviata, Dubitata, Siterata, and Miata.
In addition to these hybernating insects, the collector may examine tree trunks and fences for the Early Moth (Rupicapraria), and late specimens of the Winter Moth (Brumata); and towards the end of the month he may expect to meet with fresh specimens of the Pale Brindled Beauty (Pedaria) and the Spring Usher (Leucophæaria). A few of the Tineæ may also be seen.
The net need not be used at all during the colder months of the year, as the moths are easily taken in pill boxes from the trunks and fences on which they rest.
Pupa digging may be carried on throughout the month if the weather is sufficiently mild, but it is of no use attempting this during a frost. Hybernating larvæ may also be searched out of their winter quarters if the collector does not mind giving them the attention they require; but, as a rule, it is better to wait till they themselves start out to feed in the spring, at which time all their food plants are showing leaf.
Our remarks under 'January' concerning pupa digging and other work apply equally well to this month. The same hybernating butterflies and moths may be looked for; and, in addition to Pedaria, Leucophæaria, and Rupicapraria, which now appear more plentifully, the following species will probably be seen:
Small Eggar (Lanestris)
Small Brindled Beauty (Hispidaria)
Oak Beauty (Strataria)
Dotted Border (Marginaria)
March Moth (Æscularia)
About half a dozen species of the Tineæ will also have made their appearance before the end of the month.
Many of the hybernating larvæ will come out during March if the weather is mild, and commence to feed; and the young caterpillars will begin to appear from the eggs of the early moths already named. This is consequently a good time to commence the search for larvæ if you intend to go in for rearing. During the daytime some may be beaten from the boughs of trees and shrubs; and those which feed on low plants, being generally nocturnal in their habits, should be searched for in the evening, after dark, with the aid of a lantern.
The hybernating butterflies are now flying more freely than before, and, if the weather is bright and warm for the time of year, a few freshly emerged species may be seen. These may possibly include:
Large White (Brassicæ)
Small White (Rapæ)
Green-veined White (Napi)
Holly Blue (Argiolus)
As regards moths, several fresh species may be expected to appear, while those named as appearing in February are still to be found. The new-comers may include:
Bombyces.
Kentish Glory (Versicolor)
Yellow-horned (Flavicornis)
Noctuæ.
Pine Beauty (Piniperda)
White-marked Rustic (Leucographa)
Red Chestnut (Rubricosa)
All species of the genus Tæniocampa
Early Grey (Areola)
Green-brindled Dot (Oleagina)
Orange Underwing (Parthenias)
Light Orange Underwing (Notha)
Geometræ.
Early Thorn (Bilunaria)
Engrailed (Biundularia)
Mottled Grey (Multistrigaria)
Sugaring may be commenced towards the end of March, and sallow blossom may be searched in the evening, but it is probable that only a few species will be taken by these means.
A few more species of the Tineæ appear in March, and four or five of the Tortrices are out before the end of the month.
This is really a busy month with the entomologist, and it will be necessary to put all apparatus and appliances into perfect order early. The cyanide bottle should be freshly charged, nets examined and repaired if necessary, and all setting boards, breeding cages &c. put in perfect trim for the new season's work.
Larvæ are now feeding freely, and a few hours spent in beating, sweeping, and searching will enable you to stock your cages liberally.
Sugaring may be continued throughout the month, and the sallow blossom may be searched as long as it proves attractive. Moths may also be attracted by light at night.
The following butterflies are generally out during April, in addition to the hybernated species already named:
Large White (Brassicæ)
Small White (Rapæ)
Green-veined White (Napi)
Orange Tip (Cardamines)
Wood White (Sinapis)
Pearl-bordered Fritillary (Euphrosyne)
Speckled Wood (Egeria)
Green Hairstreak (Rubi)
Small Copper (Phlœas)
Holly Blue (Argiolus)
Grizzled Skipper (Malvæ)
Dingy Skipper (Tages)
The following is a list of the principal moths for April:
Bombyces.
Small Lappet (Ilicifolia)
Kentish Glory (Versicolor)
Yellow Horned (Flavicornis)
Frosted Green (Ridens)
Noctuæ.
Pine Beauty (Piniperda)
White-marked Rustic (Leucographa)
Red Chestnut (Rubricosa)
All species of the genus Tæniocampa
Early Grey (Areola)
Mullein Shark (Verbasci)
Orange Underwing (Parthenias)
Light Orange Underwing (Notha)
Geometræ.
Brimstone (Luteolata)
Early Thorn (Bilunaria)
Belted Beauty (Zonaria)
Brindled Beauty (Hirtaria)
Waved Umber (Abruptaria)
Small Engrailed (Crepuscularia)
Engrailed (Biundularia)
Sloe Carpet (Pictaria)
Netted Mountain (Carbonaria)
Mottled Grey (Multistrigaria)
Satyr Pug (Satyrata)
Marbled Pug (Irriguata)
Campanula Pug (Campanulata)
Brindled Pug (Abbreviata)
Oak-tree Pug (Dodoneata)
Double-striped Pug (Pumilata)
Early Tooth-striped (Carpinata)
Shoulder Stripe (Badiata)
Many-lined (Polygrammata)
Tissue (Dubitata)
In addition to the above, a few species of the Tortrices, several of the Tineæ, and one or two of the Plume Moths (Pterophori) are out during April.
Little or nothing will be obtained by digging during May, yet a number of pupæ may be found among grass and leaves under trees, and also attached to the leaves and stems of low plants. These pupæ include those of several of the butterflies, among which may be mentioned Machaon, Selene, Euphrosyne, Aurinia, Megæra, Ianira, Rubi, Astrarche, Icarus, Bellargus, Corydon, Lucina, and Sylvanus.
Larvæ may now be taken in abundance by beating the boughs of oaks and other trees, and also by examining low plants.
The hybernating butterflies are still on the wing, and the following are also out:
Swallow Tail (Machaon)
Large White (Brassicæ)
Small White (Rapæ)
Green-veined White (Napi)
Bath White (Daplidice)
Orange Tip (Cardamines)
Wood White (Sinapis)
Small Pearl-bordered (Selene)
Pearl-bordered (Euphrosyne)
Greasy Fritillary (Aurinia)
Glanville Fritillary (Cinxia)
Speckled Wood (Egeria)
Wall (Megæra)
Marsh Ringlet (Typhon)
Small Heath (Pamphilus)
Green Hairstreak (Rubi)
Small Copper (Phlœas)
Brown Argus (Astrarche)
Common Blue (Icarus)
Clifden Blue (Bellargus)
Holly Blue (Argiolus)
Mazarine Blue (Semiargus)
Grizzled Skipper (Malvæ)
Chequered Skipper (Palæmon)
There is a great increase in the number of moths this month, and much good work may be done by means of light traps and by the examination of fences. Many moths are driven from their resting places early in the morning by the direct rays of the rising sun, and then seek out a spot where they are better sheltered, and where they are consequently less easily found. Hence the advantage of searching fences early in the morning.
The May list includes:
Sphinges.
Small Elephant (Porcellus)
All species of the genera Smerinthus and Macroglossa
Some of the Clearwings (Apiformis, Sphegiformis, and Culiciformis)
Cream-bordered Green (Chlorana)
Green Silver-lined (Prasinana)
Bombyces.
Wood Tiger (Plantaginis)
Muslin Moth (Mendica)
Common Swift (Lupulinus)
Pale Tussock (Pudibunda)
Small Lappet (Ilicifolia)
Emperor (Pavonia)
All species of family Drepanulidæ
Alder Kitten (Bicuspis)
Puss (Vinula)
Several of the 'Prominents' (Cuculla, Carmelita, Dictæa, Dictæoides, Trilophus, Ziczac, Trepida, Chaonia, Trimacula)
Chocolate Tip (Curtula)
Small Chocolate Tip (Pigra)
Noctuæ.
Knot Grass (Rumicis)
Sweet Gale (Myricæ)
White Colon (Albicolon)
Cabbage (Brassicæ)
Treble Lines (Trigrammica)
Marsh Moth (Palustris)
Light Brocade (Genistæ)
Mullein Shark (Verbasci)
Betony Shark (Scrophulariæ)
Starwort Shark (Asteris)
Camomile Shark (Chamomillæ)
Small Dark Yellow Underwing (Cordigera)
Small Yellow Underwing (Tenebrata)
Bordered Sallow (Umbra)
Lunar Double Stripe (Lunaris)
Geometræ.
Brimstone (Luteolata)
Speckled Yellow (Macularia)
Purple Thorn (Tetralunaria)
Scalloped Hazel (Bidentata)
Brindled Beauty (Hirtaria)
Peppered (Betularia)
Waved Umber (Abruptaria)
Ringed Carpet (Cinctaria)
Square Spot (Consonaria)
Small Engrailed (Crepuscularia)
Engrailed (Biundularia)
Grey Birch (Punctularia)
Small Grass Emerald (Viridata)
All species of family Ephyridæ
Cream Wave (Remutaria)
White Wave (Pusaria)
Round-winged Wave (Rotundaria)
Common Wave (Exanthemata)
Clouded Silver (Temerata)
White-pinion Spotted (Bimaculata)
Latticed Heath (Clathrata)
Brown Silver-line (Petraria)
Barred Umber (Pulveraria)
Netted Mountain (Carbonaria)
Common Heath (Atomaria)
Bordered White (Piniaria)
Rest Harrow (Ononaria)
Yellow Belle (Ochrearia)
Clouded Border (Marginata)
Horse Chestnut (Hippocastanaria)
Pretty Pinion (Adæquata)
Pugs (Venosata, Consignata, Pulchellata, Plumbeolata, Satyrata, Castigata, Pusillata, Irriguata, Indigata, Nanata, Vulgata, Assimilata, Exiguata, Coronata)
Yellow-barred Brindle (Viretata)
Ruddy High-flier (Ruberata)
May High-flier (Trifasciata)
Common Carpet (Sociata)
Silver-ground Carpet (Montanata)
Streamer (Nigrofasciaria)
Barberry Carpet (Berberata)
Flame Carpet (Designata)
Twin-spot Carpets (Ferrugata and Unidentaria)
Scarce Tissue (Certata)
Water Carpet (Suffumata)
Small Phœnix (Silaceata)
Oblique-striped (Virgata)
Broom Tip (Rufata)
A number of the Micros are also out this month. About twenty species of the Pyralides, one or two of the Pterophori, a few Crambi, about fifty of the Tortrices, and no less than two hundred of the Tineæ. The collector will do well to search fences and tree trunks for these moths, whenever he has the opportunity; and also to use the net freely in wooded country, waste places, and along hedgerows, before and at dusk.
There is a marked increase in winged insect life during this month. The early butterflies are disappearing, or perhaps have quite left us; but new species are taking their place. The Sphinges now reach their maximum, as do also the Bombyces; and the other groups are almost if not quite up to their highest total. The Noctuæ and Geometræ each amount to over a hundred species. No less than a hundred and fifty British Tortrices are on the wing; the Tineæ make a near approach to three hundred, and the Pyralides of the month are not far short of numbering a hundred species. It will thus be seen that the net and pill boxes, as well as the setting boards, are in constant demand.
Dull days may be well occupied in beating for moths, and in the examination of fences and the bark of trees; and on bright days, as soon as the butterflies have settled down to rest, the same work may be carried on till dusk.
Micros and Geometræ are out early in the evening, when they should be taken with the net. Later on the Noctuæ may be seen playing round their favourite flowers.
Sugar and light traps are likely to do good service during June, and decoy females of the Bombyces group may be called to your aid.
Larvæ are also abundant during June, and those of most of the butterflies may be taken by carefully searching their food plants.
The following is the list of imagines for the month:
Butterflies.
Swallow Tail (Machaon)
Black-veined White (Cratægi)
Large White (Brassicæ)
Small White (Rapæ)
Green-veined White (Napi)
Small Pearl-bordered (Selene)
Pearl-bordered (Euphrosyne)
Silver-washed Fritillary (Paphia)
Greasy Fritillary (Aurinia)
Glanville Fritillary (Cinxia)
Heath Fritillary (Athalia)
Small Tortoiseshell (Urticæ)
White Admiral (Sibylla)
Small Ringlet (Epiphron)
Meadow Brown (Ianira)
Ringlet (Hyperanthus)
Marsh Ringlet (Typhon)
Small Heath (Pamphilus)
Green Hairstreak (Rubi)
Small Copper (Phlœas)
Common Blue (Icarus)
Small Blue (Minima)
Duke of Burgundy (Lucina)
Grizzled Skipper (Malvæ)
Dingy Skipper (Tages)
Large Skipper (Sylvanus)
Chequered Skipper (Palæmon)
Sphinges.
Privet Hawk (Ligustri)
Spurge Hawk (Euphorbiæ)
Small Elephant (Porcellus)
Large Elephant (Elpenor)
Eyed Hawk (Ocellatus)
Poplar Hawk (Populi)
Lime Hawk (Tiliæ)
Humming Bird Hawk (Stellatarum)
All the Clearwings (Sesiidæ)
The Burnets (Fam. Zygænidæ)
Bombyces.
Family Nolidæ
Dew Moth (Irrorella)
Cinnabar (Jacobææ)
Scarlet Tiger (Dominula)
Family Cheloniidæ
Family Hepialidæ
Family Cossidæ
Family Cochliopodidæ
Dark Tussock (Fascelina)
Pale Tussock (Pudibunda)
Scarce Vapourer (Gonostigma)
Fox (Rubi)
Lappet (Quercifolia)
Family Drepanulidæ
Family Dicranuridæ
Pale Prominent (Palpina)
Coxcomb Prominent (Camelina)
Swallow Prominent (Dictæa)
Lesser Swallow Prominent (Dictæoides)
Iron Prominent (Dromedarius)
Pebble Prominent (Ziczac)
Great Prominent (Trepida)
Marbled Brown (Trimacula)
Buff Tip (Bucephala)
Peach Blossom (Batis)
Genus Cymatophora
Noctuæ.
Scarce Marvel-du-jour (Orion)
Genus Acronycta
Powdered Wainscot (Albovenosa)
Most of the species of genus Leucania
Flame Wainscot (Flammea)
Silky Wainscot (Maritima)
Small Rufous (Rufa)
Mere Wainscot (Hellmanni)
Concolorous (Extrema)
Flame (Putris)
Genus Xylophasia
Bird's Wing (Scabriuscula)
Small Mottled Willow (Exigua)
Bordered Gothic (Reticulata)
Feathered Ear (Leucophæa)
Large Nutmeg (Sordida)
White Colon (Albicolon)
Cabbage (Brassicæ)
Dot (Persicariæ)
Rustic Shoulder Knot (Basilinea)
Union Rustic (Connexa)
Dusky Brocade (Gemina)
Double Lobed (Ophiogramma)
Genus Miana
Treble Lines (Trigrammica)
Mottled Rustic (Morpheus)
Rustic (Taraxaci)
Pale Mottled Willow (Quadripunctata)
Reddish Buff (Caliginosa)
Marsh Moth (Palustris)
Brown Rustic (Tenebrosa)
Turnip (Segetum)
Heart and Dart (Exclamationis)
Light-feathered Rustic (Cinerea)
Sand Dart (Ripæ)
Garden Dart (Nigricans)
Lover's Knot (Strigula)
Double Dot (Augur)
Flame Shoulder (Plecta)
Double-spotted Square-spot (Triangulum)
Ingrailed Clay (Festiva)
Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing (Fimbria)
Large Yellow Underwing (Pronuba)
Gothic (Typica)
Heart Moth (Oo)
Genus Dianthœcia
Broad-barred White (Serena)
Small Angle Shades (Lucipara)
Angle Shades (Meticulosa)
Green Arches (Prasina)
Grey Arches (Nebulosa)
Silvery Arches (Tincta)
Pale Shining Brown (Advena)
Northern Arches (Exulis)
Genus Hadena (nearly all)
Lychnis Shark (Lychnitis)
Starwort Shark (Asteris)
Cudweed Shark (Gnaphalii)
Camomile Shark (Chamomillæ)
Shark (Umbratica)
Genus Habrostola
Burnished Brass (Chrysitis)
Plain Golden Y (Iota)
Beautiful Golden Y (Pulchrina)
Silver Y (Gamma)
Scarce Silver Y (Interrogationis)
Genus Anarta
Small Yellow Underwing (Tenebrata)
Bordered Straw (Peltigera)
Bordered Sallow (Umbra)
Spotted Sulphur (Trabealis)
Four-spotted (Luctuosa)
Family Erastriidæ
Purple Marbled (Ostrina)
Small Marbled (Parva)
Small Purple-barred (Viridaria)
Mother Shipton (Mi)
Burnet Noctua (Glyphica)
Black Neck (Pastinum)
Family Herminiidæ
Family Hypenidæ
Geometræ.
Little Thorn (Advenaria)
Brimstone (Luteolata)
Speckled Yellow (Macularia)
Orange (Prunaria)
Barred Red (Prosapiaria)
Scorched Wing (Dolobraria)
Lunar Thorn (Lunaria)
Peppered (Betularia)
Speckled Beauty (Angularia)
Genus Boarmia
Square Spot (Consonaria)
Brindled White-spot (Luridata)
Grey Birch (Punctularia)
Blotched Emerald (Pustulata)
Small Grass Emerald (Viridata)
Common Emerald (Strigata)
Nearly all the family Acidaliidæ
Genus Bapta
Peacock (Notata)
Rannoch Geometer (Brunneata)
Brown Silver-line (Petraria)
Barred Umber (Pulveraria)
Grey Scalloped Bar (Belgiaria)
Frosted Yellow (Limbaria)
Bordered White (Piniaria)
Drab Geometer (Murinata)
Black-veined (Lineata)
Grass Wave (Strigillaria)
Clouded Magpie (Sylvata)
Scorched Carpet (Adustata)
Clouded Border (Marginata)
Twin-spot Carpet (Didymata)
Grey Mountain Carpet (Cæsiata)
Striped Twin-spot Carpet (Salicata)
Green Carpet (Viridaria)
Genus Emmelesia
Most of the Pugs (Eupithecia)
Small Seraphim (Sexalisata)
Seraphim (Halterata)
Yellow-barred Brindle (Viretata)
Shaded Broad-bar (Variata)
Ruddy High-flier (Ruberata)
Purple Bar (Ocellata)
Beautiful Carpet (Albicillata)
Genus Melanippe
Royal Mantle (Cucullata)
Flame (Rubidata)
Genus Coremia
Yellow Shell (Bilineata)
Fern (Tersata)
Oblique Carpet (Vittata)
Small Waved Umber (Vitalbata)
Scalloped Shell (Undulata)
Brown Scallop (Vetulata)
Short-cloak Carpet (Picata)
Broken-barred Carpet (Corylata)
Common Marbled Carpet (Truncata)
Small Phœnix (Silaceata)
Small Mallow (Limitata)
Belle (Plumbaria)
Oblique-striped (Virgata)
Treble Bar (Plagiata)
Pale Grey Carpet (Griseata)
Chimney Sweep (Atrata)
The number of species on the wing in July is even greater than in June. Butterflies are very numerous, some being second broods of double-brooded species, and others late single-brooded insects.
Sphinges are beginning to fall off, and so are the Bombyces, but the Noctuæ and Geometræ are slightly on the increase.
As regards the Micros, a good number of fresh species may be expected, all the groups exhibiting a marked increase in the total number on the wing with the exception of the Tineæ.