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A GLOSSARY
OF SUCH WORDS AND PHRASES AS MAY NOT EASILY BE UNDERSTOOD BY THE YOUNG READER
[Many words, not contained in this Glossary, will be found explained in the body of the Work, in the places where they first occur. For these, see Index.]
Academy, the Boston, an association in Boston, established for the purpose of promoting the study and culture of the art of music.
Action brought by the Commonwealth, a prosecution conducted in the name of the public, or by the authority of the State.
Alcoholic, made of, or containing, alcohol, an inflammable liquid, which is the basis of ardent spirits.
Alkali, (plural alkalies,) a chemical substance, which has the property of combining with, and neutralizing the properties of, acids, producing salts by the combination. Alkalies change most of the vegetable blues and purples to green, red to purple, and yellow to brown. Caustic alkali, an alkali deprived of all impurities, being thereby rendered more caustic and violent in its operation. This term is usually applied to pure potash. Fixed alkali, an alkali that emits no characteristic smell, and cannot be volatilized or evaporated without great difficulty. Potash and soda are called the fixed alkalies. Soda is also called a fossil, or mineral, alkali, and potash, the vegetable alkali. Volatile alkali, an elastic, transparent, colorless, and consequently invisible gas, known by the name of ammonia, or ammoniacal gas. The odor of spirits of hartshorn is caused by this gas.
Anglo-American, English-American, relating to Americans descended from English ancestors.
Anne, Queen, a Queen of England, who reigned from A. D. 1702, to 1714. She was the daughter of James II., and succeeded to the throne on the death of William III. She died, August 1, 1714, in the fiftieth year of her age. She was not a woman of very great intellect; but was deservedly popular, throughout her reign, being a model of conjugal and maternal duty, and always intending to do good. She was honored with the title of 'Good Queen Anne', which showed the opinion entertained of her virtues by the people.
Anotta, Annotto, Arnotta, or Rocou, a soft, brownish-red substance, prepared from the reddish pulp surrounding the seeds of a tree, which grows in the West Indies, Guiana, and other parts of South America, called the Bixa orellana. It is used as a dye.
Anther, that part of the stamen of a flower which contains the pollen or farina, a sort of mealy powder or dust, which is necessary to the production of the flower.
Anthracite, one of the most valuable kinds of mineral coal, containing no bitumen. It is very abundant in the United States.
Aperient, opening.
Apple-corer, an instrument lately invented for the purpose of divesting apples of their cores.
Arabic, gum, see Gum Arabic.
Archæology, a discourse or treatise on antiquities.
Arnotto, see Anotta.
Arrow-root, a white powder, obtained from the fecula or starch of several species of tuberous plants in the East and West Indies, Bermuda, and other places. That from Bermuda is most highly esteemed. It is used as an article for the table, in the form of puddings; and also as a highly-nutritive, easily-digested, and agreeable, food, for invalids. It derives its name from having been originally used by the Indians, as a remedy for the poison of their arrows, by mashing and applying it to the wound.
Articulating process, the protuberance, or projecting part of a bone, by which it is so joined to another bone, as to enable the two to move upon each other.
Asceticism, the state of an ascetic, or hermit, who flies from society and lives in retirement, or who practises a greater degree of mortification and austerity than others do, or who inflicts extraordinary severities upon himself.
Astral lamp, a lamp, the principle of which was invented by Benjamin Thompson, (a native of Massachusetts, and afterwards Count Rumford,) in which the oil is contained in a large horizontal ring, having, at the centre, a burner, which communicates with the ring by tubes. The ring is placed a little below the level of the flame, and, from its large surface, affords a supply of oil for many hours.
Astute, shrewd.
Auld Robin Gray, a celebrated Scotch song, in which a young woman laments her having married an old rich man, whom she did not love, for the sake of providing for her poor parents.
Auricles, (from a Latin word, signifying the ear,) the name given to two appendages of the heart, from their fancied resemblance to the ear.
Baglivi, (George,) an eminent physician, who was born at Ragusa, in 1668, and was educated at Naples and Paris. Pope Clement XIV., on the ground of his great merit, appointed him, while a very young man, Professor of Anatomy and Surgery in the College of Sapienza, at Rome. He wrote several works, and did much to promote the cause of medical science. He died, A. D. 1706.
Bass, or bass wood, a large forest tree of America, sometimes called the lime-tree. The wood is white and soft, and the bark is sometimes used for bandages, as mentioned in page 343.
Beau Nash, see Nash.
Bell, Sir Charles, a celebrated surgeon, who was born in Edinburgh, in the year 1778. He commenced his career in London, in 1806, as a lecturer on Anatomy and Surgery. In 1830, he received the honors of knighthood, and in 1836 was appointed Professor of Surgery in the College of Edinburgh. He died near Worcester, in England, April 29, 1842. His writings are very numerous, and have been much celebrated. Among the most important of these, to general readers, are, his Illustrations of Paley's Natural Theology, (which work forms the second and third volumes of the larger series of 'The School Library,' issued by the Publishers of this volume,) and his treatise on 'The Hand, its Mechanism, and Vital Endowments, as evincing Design.'
Bergamot, a fruit, which was originally produced by ingrafting a branch of a citron or lemon tree, upon the stock of a peculiar kind of pear, called the bergamot pear.
Biased, cut diagonally from one corner to another of a square or rectangular piece of cloth. Bias pieces, triangular pieces cut as above mentioned.
Bituminous, containing bitumen, which is an inflammable mineral substance, resembling tar or pitch in its properties and uses. Among different bituminous substances, the names naphtha and petroleum have been given to those which are fluid; maltha, to that which has the consistence of pitch; and asphaltum, to that which is solid.
Blight, a disease in plants, by which they are blasted, or prevented from producing fruit.
Blond lace, lace made of silk.
Blood heat, the temperature which the blood is always found to maintain, or ninety-eight degrees of Fahrenheit's thermometer.
Blue vitriol, sulphate of copper. See Sulphate.
Blunts, needles of a short and thick shape, distinguished from Sharps, which are long and slender.
Bocking, a kind of thin carpeting, or coarse baize.
Boston Academy, see Academy.
Botany, (from a Greek word, signifying an herb,) a knowledge of plants; the science which treats of plants.
Brazil wood, the central part, or heart, of a large tree which grows in Brazil, called the Cæsalpinia echinata. It produces very lively and beautiful red tints, but they are not permanent.
Bronze, a metallic composition, consisting of copper and tin.
Brûlure, a French term, denoting a burning or scalding; a blasting of plants.
Brussels, (carpet,) a kind of carpeting, so called from the city of Brussels, in Europe. Its basis is composed of a warp and woof of strong linen threads, with the warp of which are intermixed about five times the quantity of woollen threads, of different colors.
Bulb, a root with a round body, like the onion, turnip, or hyacinth. Bulbous, having a bulb.
Byron, (George Gordon,) Lord, a celebrated Poet, who was born in London, January 22, 1788, and died in Missolonghi, in Greece, April 18, 1824.
Calisthenics, see page 56, note.
Camwood, a dyewood, procured from a leguminous (or pod-bearing) tree, growing on the Western Coast of Africa, and called Baphia nitida.
Cankerworm, a worm which is very destructive to trees and plants. It springs from an egg deposited by a miller that issues from the ground, and in some years destroys the leaves and fruit of apple and other trees.
Carbon, a simple inflammable body, forming the principal part of wood and coal, and the whole of the diamond.
Carbonic acid, a compound gas, consisting of carbon and oxygen. It has lately been obtained in a solid form.
Carmine, a crimson color, the most beautiful of all the reds. It is prepared from a decoction of the powdered cochineal insect, to which alum and other substances are added.
Caster, a small phial or vessel for the table, in which to put vinegar, mustard, pepper, &c.
Chancellor of the Exchequer, the highest judge of the law; the principal financial minister of a government, and the one who manages its revenue.
Chateau, a castle, a mansion.
Chemistry, the science which treats of the elementary constituents of bodies.
Chinese belle, deformities of. In China, it is the fashion to compress the feet of female infants, to prevent their growth; in consequence of which, the feet of all the females of China are distorted, and so small, that the individuals cannot walk with ease.
Chloride, a compound of chlorine and some other substance. Chlorine is a simple substance, formerly called oxymuriatic acid. In its pure state, it is a gas, of green color, (hence its name, from a Greek word, signifying green.) Like oxygen, it supports the combustion of some inflammable substances. Chloride of lime is a compound of chlorine and lime.
Cholera infantum, a bowel complaint, to which infants are subject.
Chyle, a white juice, formed from the chyme, and consisting of the finer and more nutritious parts of the food. It is afterwards converted into blood.
Chyme, the result of the first process which food undergoes in the stomach, previously to its being converted into chyle.
Cicuta, the common American Hemlock, an annual plant of four or five feet in height, and found commonly along walls and fences, and about old ruins and buildings. It is a virulent poison, as well as one of the most important and valuable medicinal vegetables. It is a very different plant from the Hemlock tree, or Pinus Canadensis.
Clarke, (Sir Charles Mansfield,) Dr., a distinguished English physician and surgeon, who was born in London, May 28, 1782. He was appointed Physician to Queen Adelaide, wife of King William IV., in 1830, and in 1831, he was created a baronet. He is the author of several valuable medical works.
Cobalt, a brittle metal, of a reddish-gray color and weak metallic lustre, used in coloring glass. It is not easily melted nor oxidized in the air.
Cochineal, a color procured from the cochineal insect, (or Coccus cacti,) which feeds upon the leaves of several species of the plant called cactus, and which is supposed to derive its coloring matter from its food. Its natural color is crimson; but by the addition of a preparation of potash, it yields a rich scarlet dye.
Cologne water, a fragrant perfume, which derives its name from having been originally made in the city of Cologne, which is situated on the River Rhine, in Germany. The best kind is still procured from that city.
Comparative anatomy, the science which has for its object a comparison of the anatomy, structure, and functions, of the various organs of animals, plants, &c., with those of the human body.
Confection, a sweetmeat; a preparation of fruit with sugar; also a preparation of medicine with honey, sirup, or similar saccharine substance, for the purpose of disguising the unpleasant taste of the medicine.
Cooper, Sir Astley Paston, a celebrated English surgeon, who was born at Brooke, in Norfolk county, England, August 23, 1768, and commenced the practice of Surgery in London, in 1792. He was appointed Surgeon to King George IV., in 1827, was created a baronet in 1821, and died February 12, 1841. He was the author of many valuable works.
Copal, a hard, shining, transparent resin, of a light citron color, brought, originally, from Spanish America, and now almost wholly from the East Indies. It is principally employed in the preparation of copal varnish.
Copper, sulphate of, see Sulphate of copper.
Copperas, (sulphate of iron, or green vitriol,) a bright green mineral substance, formed by the decomposition of a peculiar ore of iron, called pyrites, which is a sulphuret of iron. It is first in the form of a greenish-white powder, or crust, which is dissolved in water, and beautiful green crystals of copperas are obtained by evaporation. It is principally used in dyeing, and in making black ink. Its solution, mixed with a decoction of oak bark, produces a black color.
Coronary, relating to a crown or garland. In anatomy, it is applied to arteries which encompass the heart, in the manner, as it is fancied, of a garland.
Corrosive sublimate, a poisonous substance, composed of chlorine and quicksilver.
Cosmetics, preparations which some people foolishly think will preserve and beautify the skin.
Cream of tartar, see Tartar.
Crimping-iron, an instrument for crimping or curling ruffles, &c.
Curculio, a weevil or worm, which affects the fruit of the plum tree, and sometimes that of the apple tree, causing the unripe fruit to fall to the ground.
Curvature of the spine, see pages 80, 81.
Cuvier, Baron, the most eminent naturalist of the present age, was born, A. D. 1769, and died, A. D. 1832. He was Professor of Natural History in the College of France, and held various important posts under the French Government, at different times. His works on Natural History are of the greatest value.
Cynosure, the star near the North Pole, by which sailors steer. It is used, in a figurative sense, as synonymous with pole-star, or guide.
De Tocqueville, see Tocqueville.
Diamond cement, a cement sold in the shops, and used for mending broken glass, and similar articles.
Drab, a thick woollen cloth, of a light brown or dun color. The name is sometimes used for the color itself.
Dredging-box, a box with holes in the top, used to sift or scatter flour on meat, when roasting.
Drill, (in husbandry,) to sow grain in rows, drills, or channels; the row of grain so sowed.
Duchess of Orleans, see Orleans.
The East, and the Eastern States, those of the United States situated in the north-east part of the Country, including Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Vermont.
Electuary, a mixture, consisting of medicinal substances, especially dry powders, combined with honey or sirup, in order to render them less unpleasant to the taste, and more convenient for internal use.
Elevation, (of a house,) a plan, representing the upright view of a house, as a ground-plan shows its appearance on the ground.
Euclid, a celebrated mathematician, who was born in Alexandria, in Egypt, about two hundred and eighty years before Christ. He distinguished himself by his writings on music and geometry. The most celebrated of his works, is his 'Elements of Geometry,' which is in use at the present day. He established a school at Alexandria, which became so famous, that, from his time to the conquest of Alexandria by the Saracens, (A. D. 646,) no mathematician was found, who had not studied at Alexandria. Ptolemy, King of Egypt, was one of his pupils; and it was to a question of this King, whether there were not a shorter way of coming at Geometry, than by the study of his Elements, that Euclid made the celebrated answer, "There is no royal way, or path, to Geometry."
Equator, or equinoctial line, an imaginary line passing round the earth, from east to west, and directly under the sun, which always shines nearly perpendicularly down upon all countries situated near the equator.
Evolve, to throw off, to discharge.
Exchequer, a court in England, in which the Chancellor presides, and where the revenues of, and debts due to, the King are recovered. This court was originally established by King William, (called 'the Conqueror,') who died A. D. 1087; and its name is derived from a checkered cloth, (French echiquier, a chess-board, checker-work,) on the table.
Excretion, something discharged from the body, a separation of animal matters.
Excrementitious, consisting of matter excreted from the body; containing excrements.
Fahrenheit, (Gabriel Daniel,) a celebrated natural philosopher, who was born at Dantzic, A. D. 1686. He made great improvements in the thermometer; and his name is sometimes used for that instrument.
Farinaceous, mealy, tasting like meal.
To Fell, to turn down, on the wrong side, the raw edges of a seam, after it has been stitched, run, or sewed, and then to hem or sew it to the cloth.
Festivals, of the Jews, the three great annual. These were, the Feast of the Passover, that of Pentecost, and that of Tabernacles; on occasion of which, all the males of the Nation were required to visit the Temple at Jerusalem, in whatever part of the Country they might reside. See Exodus xxiii. 14, 17, xxxiv. 23, Leviticus xxiii. 4, Deuteronomy xvi. 16. The Passover was kept in commemoration of the deliverance of the Israelites from Egypt, and was so named, because, the night before their departure, the destroying angel, who slew all the first-born of the Egyptians, passed over the houses of the Israelites, without entering them. See Exodus xii. The Feast of Pentecost was so called, from a word meaning the fiftieth, because it was celebrated on the fiftieth day after the Passover, and was instituted in commemoration of the giving of the Law from Mount Sinai, on the fiftieth day from the departure out of Egypt. It is also called the Feast of Weeks, because it was kept seven weeks after the Passover. See Exodus xxxiv. 22, Leviticus xxiii. 15-21, Deuteronomy xvi. 9, 10. The Feast of Tabernacles, or Feast of Tents, was so called, because it was celebrated under tents or tabernacles of green boughs; and was designed to commemorate their dwelling in tents, during their passage through the wilderness. At this Feast, they also returned thanks to God, for the fruits of the earth, after they had been gathered. See Exodus xxiii. 16, Leviticus xxiii. 34-44, Deuteronomy xvi. 13, and also St. John vii. 2.
Fire blight, a disease in the pear, and some other fruit trees, in which they appear burnt, as if by fire. It is supposed, by some, to be caused by an insect, others suppose it to be caused by an overabundance of sap.
Fluting-iron, an instrument for making flutes, channels, furrows, or hollows, in ruffles, &c.
Foundation muslin, a nice kind of buckram, stiff and white, used for the foundation or basis of bonnets, &c.
Free States, those States in which slavery is not allowed, as distinguished from Slave States, in which slavery does exist.
French chalk, a variety of the mineral called talc, unctuous to the touch, of a greenish color, glossy, soft, and easily scratched, and leaving a silvery line, when drawn on paper. It is used for marking on cloth, and extracting grease-spots.
Fuller's earth, a species of clay, remarkable for its property of absorbing oil; for which reason it is valuable for extracting grease from cloth, &c. It is used by fullers, in scouring and cleansing cloth, whence its name.
Fustic, the wood of a tree which grows in the West Indies, called Morus tinctoria. It affords a durable, but not very brilliant, yellow dye, and is also used in producing some greens and drab colors.
Gastric, (from the Greek γαστἱρ, gaster, the belly,) belonging or relating to the belly, or stomach. Gastric juice, the fluid which dissolves the food in the stomach. It is limpid, like water, of a saltish taste, and without odor.
Geology, the science which treats of the earth, as composed of rocks and stones.
Gore, a triangular piece of cloth. Goring, cut in a triangular shape.
Gothic, a peculiar and strongly-marked style of architecture, sometimes called the ecclesiastical style, because it is most frequently used in cathedrals, churches, abbeys, and other religious edifices. Its principle seems to have originated in the imitation of groves and bowers, under which the ancients performed their sacred rites; its clustered pillars and pointed arches very well representing the trunks of trees and their interlocking branches.
Gourmand, or Gormand, a glutton, a greedy eater. In agriculture, it is applied to twigs which take up the sap, but bear only leaves.
Green vitriol, see Copperas.
Griddle, an iron pan, of a peculiarly broad and shallow construction, used for baking cakes.
Ground-plan, the map or plan of the lower floor of any building, in which the various apartments, windows, doors, fireplaces, and other things, are represented, like the rivers, towns, mountains, roads, &c., on a map.
Gum Arabic, a vegetable juice which exudes through the bark of the Acacia, Mimosa nilotica, and some other similar trees, growing in Arabia, Egypt, Senegal, and Central Africa. It is the purest of all gums.
Hardpan, the hard, unbroken layer of earth, below the mould or cultivated soil.
Hartshorn, (spirits of,) a volatile alkali, originally prepared from the horns of the stag or hart, but now procured from various other substances. It is known by the name of ammonia, or spirits of ammonia.
Hemlock, see Cicuta.
Horticulturist, one skilled in horticulture, or the art of cultivating gardens; horticulture being to the garden, what agriculture is to the farm, the application of labor and science to a limited spot, for convenience, for profit, or for ornament,—though implying a higher state of cultivation, than is common in agriculture. It includes the cultivation of culinary vegetables and of fruits, and forcing or exotic gardening, as far as respects useful products.
Hoskin's gloves, gloves made by a person named Hoskin, whose manufacture was formerly much celebrated.
Hydrogen, a very light, inflammable gas, of which water is, in part, composed. It is used to inflate balloons.
Hypochondriasis, melancholy, dejection, a disorder of the imagination, in which the person supposes he is afflicted with various diseases.
Hysteria, or hysterics, a spasmodic, convulsive affection of the nerves, to which women are subject. It is somewhat similar to hypochondriasis in men.
Ingrain, a kind of carpeting, in which the threads are dyed in the grain, or raw material, before manufacture.
Ipecac, (an abbreviation of ipecacuanha,) an Indian medicinal plant, acting as an emetic.
Isinglass, a fine kind of gelatin, or glue, prepared from the swimming-bladders of fishes, used as a cement, and also as an ingredient in food and medicine. The name is sometimes applied to a transparent mineral substance called mica.
Kamtschadales, inhabitants of Kamtschatka, a large peninsula situated on the northeastern coast of Asia, having the North Pacific Ocean on the east. It is remarkable for its extreme cold, which is heightened by a range of very lofty mountains, extending the whole length of the peninsula, several of which are volcanic. It is very deficient in vegetable productions, but produces a great variety of animals, from which the richest and most valuable furs are procured. The inhabitants are in general below the common height, but have broad shoulders and large heads. It is under the dominion of Russia.
Kink, a knotty twist in a thread or rope.
Lapland, a country at the extreme north part of Europe, where it is very cold. It contains lofty mountains, some of which are covered with perpetual snow and ice.
Latin, the language of the Latins, or inhabitants of Latium, the principal country of ancient Italy. After the building of Rome, that city became the capital of the whole country.
Leguminous, pod-bearing.
Lent, a fast of the Christian Church, (lasting forty days, from Ash Wednesday to Easter,) in commemoration of our Saviour's miraculous fast of forty days and forty nights, in the wilderness. The word Lent means spring; this fast always occurring at that season of the year.
Levite, one of the tribe of Levi, the son of Jacob, which tribe was set apart from the others, to minister in the services of the Tabernacle, and the Temple at Jerusalem. The Priests were taken from this tribe. See Numbers i. 47-53.
Ley, water which has percolated through ashes, earth, or other substances, dissolving and imbibing a part of their contents. It is generally spelled lie, or lye.
Linnæus, (Charles,) a native of Sweden, and the most celebrated naturalist of his age. He was born May 13, 1707, and died January 11, 1778. His life was devoted to the study of natural history. The science of botany, in particular, is greatly indebted to his labors. His 'Amœnitates Academicæ' (Academical Recreations) is a collection of the dissertations of his pupils, edited by himself; a work rich in matters relating to the history and habits of plants. He was the first who arranged Natural History into a regular system, which has been generally called by his name. His proper name was Linné.
Lobe, a division, a distinct part; generally applied to the two divisions of the lungs.
Log Cabin, a cabin or house built of logs, as is generally the case in newly-settled countries.
Loire, the largest river of France, being about five hundred and fifty miles in length. It rises in the mountains of Cevennes, and empties into the Atlantic Ocean, about forty miles below the city of Nantes. It divides France into two almost equal parts.
London Medical Society, a distinguished association, formed in 1773. It has published some valuable volumes of its Transactions. It has a library, of about 40,000 volumes, which is kept in a house presented to the Society, in 1788, by the celebrated Dr. Lettsom, who was one of its first members.
Louis XIV., a celebrated King of France and Navarre, who was born Sept. 5, 1638, and died Sept. 1, 1715. His mother having before had no children, though she had been married twenty-two years, his birth was considered as a particular favor from heaven, and he was called the 'Gift of God.' He is sometimes styled 'Louis the Great,' and his reign is celebrated as an era of magnificence and learning, and is notorious as a period of licentiousness. He left behind him monuments of unprecedented splendor and expense, consisting of palaces, gardens, and other like works.
Lumbar, (from the Latin lumbus, the loin,) relating or pertaining to the loins.
Lunacy, writ of, a judicial proceeding, to ascertain whether a person be a lunatic.
Mademoiselle, the French word for Miss, a young girl.
Magnesia, a light and white alkaline earth, which enters into the composition of many rocks, communicating to them a greasy or soapy feeling, and a striped texture, with sometimes a greenish color.
Malaria, (Italian, mal'aria, bad air,) a noxious vapor or exhalation; a state of the atmosphere or soil, or both, which, in certain regions, and in warm weather, produces fever, sometimes of great violence.
Mammon, riches, the Syrian god of riches. See St. Luke, xvi. 11, 13, St. Matthew, vi. 24.
Martineau, (Harriet,) a woman who has become somewhat celebrated by her book of travels in the United States, and by other works.
Mexico, a country situated southwest of the United States, and extending to the Pacific Ocean.
Miasms, such particles or atoms, as are supposed to arise from distempered, putrefying, or poisonous bodies.
Michilimackinac, or Mackinac, (now frequently corrupted into Mackinaw, which is the usual pronunciation of the name,) a military post in the State of Michigan, situated upon an island about nine miles in circuit, in the strait which connects Lakes Michigan and Huron. It is much resorted to by Indians and fur traders. The highest summit of the island is about three hundred feet above the lakes, and commands an extensive view of them.
Midsummer, with us, the time when the sun arrives at his greatest distance from the equator, or about the twenty-first of June, called, also, the summer solstice, (from the Latin sol, the sun, and sto, to stop or stand still,) because, when the sun reaches this point, he seems to stand still for some time, and then appears to retrace his steps. The days are then longer than at any other time.
Migrate, to remove from one place to another; to change residence.
Mildew, a disease of plants; a mould, spot, or stain, in paper, cloths, &c., caused by moisture.
Militate, to oppose, to operate against.
Millinet, a coarse kind of stiff muslin, formerly used for the foundation or basis of bonnets, &c.
Mineralogy, a science which treats of the inorganic natural substances found upon or in the earth, such as earths, salts, metals, &c., and which are called by the general name of minerals.
Minutiæ, the smallest particulars.
Monasticism, monastic life; religiously recluse life, in a monastery, or house of religious retirement.
Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley, one of the most celebrated among the female literary characters of England. She was daughter of Evelyn, Duke of Kingston, and was born about 1690, at Thoresby, in England. She displayed uncommon abilities, at a very early age, and was educated by the best masters in the English, Latin, Greek, and French, languages. She accompanied her husband (Edward Wortley Montagu) on an embassy to Constantinople, and her correspondence with her friends was published and much admired. She introduced the practice of inoculation for the smallpox into England, which proved of great benefit to millions. She died at the age of seventy-two, A. D. 1762.
Moral Philosophy, the science which treats of the motives and rules of human actions, and of the ends to which they ought to be directed.
Moreen, a kind of woollen stuff used for curtains, covers of cushions, bed hangings, &c.
Mucous, having the nature of mucus, a glutinous, sticky, thready, transparent fluid, of a salt savor, produced by different membranes of the body, and serving to protect the membranes and other internal parts against the action of the air, food, &c. The fluid of the mouth and nose is mucus.
Mucous membrane, that membrane which lines the mouth, nose, intestines, and other open cavities of the body.
